I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 1 http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/06/mantis-shrimp-sma
Mantis Shrimp Smash!
by Gisela Telis on 7 June 2012, 2:24 PM
The peacock mantis shrimp packs a powerful punch. The crustacean uses its
hammerlike claws to smash through mollusk shells and even aquarium glass
without getting injured. Now, a new study reveals what makes its claws so
tough: a unique composition and structure that stops cracks in their tracks
—one that could help engineers design lighter, stronger materials for
military, medical, and other applications.
"This is an absolutely gorgeous study, a tour de force … that opens so many
new windows for biologists and engineers," says Sheila Patek, a biologist
at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, who first measured the speed of
the mantis shrimp's blows. "Plus, I really wanted to know all this stuff,
and I'm glad someone did it."
Though mantis shrimp are relatively common, a lot about them isn't. The
colorful crustaceans have remarkable vision, unusually resilient armor, and
the fastest punch on earth. When they strike, they swing out their dactyl
clubs, armlike appendages normally held close to their bodies, at 80
kilometers per hour, accelerating faster than a .22-caliber bullet. Mantis
shrimp use this mechanism to smash their often hard-shelled prey, and can do
so as many as 50,000 times between molts without destroying their clubs.
David Kisailus, a chemical engineer at the University of California,
Riverside, and his team wondered how mantis shrimp could keep up their
hitting without catastrophic damage to their clubs. So they dissected the
clubs of 15 mantis shrimp (who just grow them back if they're removed).
Using everything from scanning electron microscopes to x-rays, the team
examined the club's inner structure and found a complex arrangement of
layers.
The impact region features a highly crystallized form of the mineral
hydroxyapatite, a key ingredient in human bones and teeth. Below that are
more layers of hydroxyapatite, this time in an amorphous, noncrystallized
form. The innermost region contains chitin, a less stiff material often
found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans stacked in helices with
hydroxyapatite filling in between the stacks. The differences in hardness,
stiffness and orientation between the three layers allow small cracks to
form but prevent them from growing or spreading, so the club stays intact,
the researchers report online today in Science.
"It's counterintuitive: Mother Nature prevents catastrophic failures by
allowing local failures," says Kisailus. "It's that architecture that makes
them so strong."
The team aims to use that architecture to build lighter and more effective
armor for soldiers, fortify cars and other vehicles, and even protect
athletes from concussions. Kisailus and colleagues are already developing
materials that mimic the structure of the mantis shrimp's club, and
preliminary tests show the materials are bulletproof, he says. |
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | |
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | |
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 4 另：和peacock mantis shrimp比起来，人类简直就是色盲。 |
i*****s
发帖数: 15215 | |
f*******e
发帖数: 8974 | 6 螃蟹好憨阿，长得不像海蟹
什么东西带上mantis这个名字就很威武，除了sheldon
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 另：和peacock mantis shrimp比起来，人类简直就是色盲。
|
a*****s
发帖数: 379 | |
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 8 这个螳螂虾敲击别的动物时的加速度可超过一万个重力加速度，和子弹差不多了。
另外，也可能是水中录音，水的传递效果好。
【在 a*****s 的大作中提到】
: 声音是配的吧？否则力量太大了。
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 9 想科普克来这里
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 这个螳螂虾敲击别的动物时的加速度可超过一万个重力加速度，和子弹差不多了。
: 另外，也可能是水中录音，水的传递效果好。
|
p**********r
发帖数: 1693 | |
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i*****s
发帖数: 15215 | 11 一万个g, 这还是血肉之躯吗？太神往了~~
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 这个螳螂虾敲击别的动物时的加速度可超过一万个重力加速度，和子弹差不多了。
: 另外，也可能是水中录音，水的传递效果好。
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 12 惭愧，我还真没把它和虾爬子往一处想。你一提醒，还真是。只是我看过的虾爬子都是
死的，颜色一点也不鲜艳了。
【在 p**********r 的大作中提到】
: 虾筢子啊，超级美味
|
p**********8
发帖数: 4234 | |
w**********k
发帖数: 6250 | 14 为什么那个螃蟹不去钳那个虾的须子呢？
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 惭愧，我还真没把它和虾爬子往一处想。你一提醒，还真是。只是我看过的虾爬子都是
: 死的，颜色一点也不鲜艳了。
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 15 我估计被弹一下就懵了
【在 w**********k 的大作中提到】
: 为什么那个螃蟹不去钳那个虾的须子呢？
|
m*****n
发帖数: 1076 | 16 这个是海蜈蚣吗？ 看着像虾趴，不过有这么大的虾趴吗？
我们今天吃螃蟹时还在讨论什么动物会吃螃蟹。刚看视频时还觉得螃蟹可以撑过去，没
想到钳子被敲掉了
虾真是最惨的，什么都能吃它 |
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 17 应该就是虾趴子
【在 m*****n 的大作中提到】
: 这个是海蜈蚣吗？ 看着像虾趴，不过有这么大的虾趴吗？
: 我们今天吃螃蟹时还在讨论什么动物会吃螃蟹。刚看视频时还觉得螃蟹可以撑过去，没
: 想到钳子被敲掉了
: 虾真是最惨的，什么都能吃它
|
c*********r
发帖数: 19468 | 18 最大的品种能长到40cm呢……史前貌似有两米长的……
【在 m*****n 的大作中提到】
: 这个是海蜈蚣吗？ 看着像虾趴，不过有这么大的虾趴吗？
: 我们今天吃螃蟹时还在讨论什么动物会吃螃蟹。刚看视频时还觉得螃蟹可以撑过去，没
: 想到钳子被敲掉了
: 虾真是最惨的，什么都能吃它
|
c*********r
发帖数: 19468 | 19 嗯，基本上打晕了，youtube上还有这家伙和大螃蟹的对战，螃蟹感觉比它重很多的样
子，可是被弹死了……
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 我估计被弹一下就懵了
|
e****o
发帖数: 3844 | |
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a***a
发帖数: 12425 | 21 看了这段视频，啥也别说了，就想养一只皮皮虾帮我砸松子、榛子壳了，整个儿一原生
态nutcracker啊
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 应该就是虾趴子
|
a***a
发帖数: 12425 | 22 看见没，人家这才叫真正的＂生猛海鲜＂
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 这个螳螂虾敲击别的动物时的加速度可超过一万个重力加速度，和子弹差不多了。
: 另外，也可能是水中录音，水的传递效果好。
|
y**u
发帖数: 7459 | 23 这个主意好！我用nut cracker吃榛子手上都快起茧子了，不敢再吃了
【在 a***a 的大作中提到】
: 看了这段视频，啥也别说了，就想养一只皮皮虾帮我砸松子、榛子壳了，整个儿一原生
: 态nutcracker啊
|
y**u
发帖数: 7459 | 24 它要那么好的色彩分辨能力干什么？
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: 另：和peacock mantis shrimp比起来，人类简直就是色盲。
|
m*****n
发帖数: 1076 | 25 我刚想说它只会欺负小螃蟹。求链接
【在 c*********r 的大作中提到】
: 嗯，基本上打晕了，youtube上还有这家伙和大螃蟹的对战，螃蟹感觉比它重很多的样
: 子，可是被弹死了……
|
n*2
发帖数: 19062 | 26 omg。。。
【在 c*********r 的大作中提到】
: 最大的品种能长到40cm呢……史前貌似有两米长的……
|
e****o
发帖数: 3844 | 27 哈哈哈，赞创意~
【在 a***a 的大作中提到】
: 看了这段视频，啥也别说了，就想养一只皮皮虾帮我砸松子、榛子壳了，整个儿一原生
: 态nutcracker啊
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 28 多吃点虾耙子，自己就会弹指神功了
【在 a***a 的大作中提到】
: 看了这段视频，啥也别说了，就想养一只皮皮虾帮我砸松子、榛子壳了，整个儿一原生
: 态nutcracker啊
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp
Reasons given for powerful eyesight
The eyes of mantis shrimp may enable them to recognize different types of
coral, prey species (which are often transparent or semi-transparent), or
predators, such as barracuda, which have shimmering scales. Alternatively,
the manner in which mantis shrimp hunt (very rapid movements of the claws)
may require very accurate ranging information, which would require accurate
depth perception.
The fact that those with the most advanced vision also are the species with
the most colourful bodies suggests the evolution of colour vision has taken
the same direction as the peacock's tail.
During mating rituals, mantis shrimp actively fluoresce, and the wavelength
of this fluorescence matches the wavelengths detected by their eye pigments.
[19] Females are only fertile during certain phases of the tidal cycle; the
ability to perceive the phase of the moon may therefore help prevent wasted
mating efforts. It may also give mantis shrimp information about the size of
the tide, which is important for species living in shallow water near the
shore.
【在 y**u 的大作中提到】
: 它要那么好的色彩分辨能力干什么？
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 30 所以叫peacock mantis shrimp
【在 e****o 的大作中提到】
: 这个颜色也太鲜艳了吧
|
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c*********r
发帖数: 19468 | 31 动物界哺乳动物色觉是比较差的，大多数哺乳动物只有双色系统，有的甚至完全是黑白
的。灵长目才重新进化出三色系统。而鸟类、爬行动物、鱼类往往有四色甚至五色系统
……
accurate
with
taken
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp
: Reasons given for powerful eyesight
: The eyes of mantis shrimp may enable them to recognize different types of
: coral, prey species (which are often transparent or semi-transparent), or
: predators, such as barracuda, which have shimmering scales. Alternatively,
: the manner in which mantis shrimp hunt (very rapid movements of the claws)
: may require very accurate ranging information, which would require accurate
: depth perception.
: The fact that those with the most advanced vision also are the species with
: the most colourful bodies suggests the evolution of colour vision has taken
|
y**u
发帖数: 7459 | 32 谢谢！
accurate
with
taken
【在 I***i 的大作中提到】
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp
: Reasons given for powerful eyesight
: The eyes of mantis shrimp may enable them to recognize different types of
: coral, prey species (which are often transparent or semi-transparent), or
: predators, such as barracuda, which have shimmering scales. Alternatively,
: the manner in which mantis shrimp hunt (very rapid movements of the claws)
: may require very accurate ranging information, which would require accurate
: depth perception.
: The fact that those with the most advanced vision also are the species with
: the most colourful bodies suggests the evolution of colour vision has taken
|
I***i
发帖数: 14557 | 33 学习了
【在 c*********r 的大作中提到】
: 动物界哺乳动物色觉是比较差的，大多数哺乳动物只有双色系统，有的甚至完全是黑白
: 的。灵长目才重新进化出三色系统。而鸟类、爬行动物、鱼类往往有四色甚至五色系统
: ……
:
: accurate
: with
: taken
|
m*****g
发帖数: 12253 | |
h*h
发帖数: 18873 | 35 哈哈
【在 a***a 的大作中提到】
: 看了这段视频，啥也别说了，就想养一只皮皮虾帮我砸松子、榛子壳了，整个儿一原生
: 态nutcracker啊
|
h*h
发帖数: 18873 | 36 4,5色系统是什么样，难以想象，夏虫语冰？
【在 c*********r 的大作中提到】
: 动物界哺乳动物色觉是比较差的，大多数哺乳动物只有双色系统，有的甚至完全是黑白
: 的。灵长目才重新进化出三色系统。而鸟类、爬行动物、鱼类往往有四色甚至五色系统
: ……
:
: accurate
: with
: taken
|
