r******y
发帖数: 21907 | |
b******y
发帖数: 627 | 2 longevity + a little bias at birth. |
p*****m
发帖数: 7030 | 3 女的寿命长吧 所以虽然出生时候女的少，算总人口的话还是女的多
【在 r******y 的大作中提到】
: 男女比例 100:106
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 4 你们都被钓鱼了！！不用想都知道男出生率高于女。楼主居然来个女的比男的多。
出生比例是男比女大约105~107：100
实际比例大约是1000：986
【在 r******y 的大作中提到】
: 男女比例 100:106
|
p*****m
发帖数: 7030 | 5 lz没说出生时候的比例啊
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 你们都被钓鱼了！！不用想都知道男出生率高于女。楼主居然来个女的比男的多。
: 出生比例是男比女大约105~107：100
: 实际比例大约是1000：986
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 6 即使是算人口，
世界人口是男性3.481 billion
女性是3.443 billion
1011：1000
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: lz没说出生时候的比例啊
|
p*****m
发帖数: 7030 | 7 好吧 那lz就真是在钓鱼了
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 即使是算人口，
: 世界人口是男性3.481 billion
: 女性是3.443 billion
: 1011：1000
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 8 人口男女比：
中国： 106：100
印度：106：100
美国：100：103
俄罗斯：100：117
日本：100：105
有些国家人口女的比男的多
但是全球是男的比女的多
如果不说清楚，这个没法讨论
所以是钓鱼
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: lz没说出生时候的比例啊
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 9 这个不就是被钓鱼了么
出生比例男的比女的多
【在 b******y 的大作中提到】
: longevity + a little bias at birth.
|
p********3
发帖数: 113 | 10 小帅哥又出来得瑟了。。。
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 你们都被钓鱼了！！不用想都知道男出生率高于女。楼主居然来个女的比男的多。
: 出生比例是男比女大约105~107：100
: 实际比例大约是1000：986
|
|
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 11 钓鱼是什么意思？我是看又说女比男多 那出生率男高女低是和原因，除了可能有些国
家重男轻女的社会因素，生物上有解释么？不过你这个资料不错，对我很有用，哈哈
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 人口男女比：
: 中国： 106：100
: 印度：106：100
: 美国：100：103
: 俄罗斯：100：117
: 日本：100：105
: 有些国家人口女的比男的多
: 但是全球是男的比女的多
: 如果不说清楚，这个没法讨论
: 所以是钓鱼
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 12 为啥不用想男出生都高于女出生率啊？点解？
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 你们都被钓鱼了！！不用想都知道男出生率高于女。楼主居然来个女的比男的多。
: 出生比例是男比女大约105~107：100
: 实际比例大约是1000：986
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 13 常识
【在 r******y 的大作中提到】
: 为啥不用想男出生都高于女出生率啊？点解？
|
O******e
发帖数: 4845 | 14 为什么俄罗斯男的比女的少那么多？
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 人口男女比：
: 中国： 106：100
: 印度：106：100
: 美国：100：103
: 俄罗斯：100：117
: 日本：100：105
: 有些国家人口女的比男的多
: 但是全球是男的比女的多
: 如果不说清楚，这个没法讨论
: 所以是钓鱼
|
p*****m
发帖数: 7030 | 15 喝酒喝死的么不是说 呵呵
【在 O******e 的大作中提到】
: 为什么俄罗斯男的比女的少那么多？
|
O******e
发帖数: 4845 | 16 ^_^
这个强。。。
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: 喝酒喝死的么不是说 呵呵
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 17 ft 那也该有个原因。
【在 a***y 的大作中提到】
: 常识
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 18 好像是冷的地方女的生存能力强？北欧不知道男女比例但是听说女的更强悍能干些。。。
【在 O******e 的大作中提到】
: 为什么俄罗斯男的比女的少那么多？
|
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 19 男性天生死亡率高
【在 r******y 的大作中提到】
: ft 那也该有个原因。
|
p*****m
发帖数: 7030 | 20 生物学机理应该是不知道的，但是可以从结果上理解，男婴看起来到成年之前存活率要
低于女婴，因此出生时有一个补偿性的机制以保证育龄男女比例大致相同
至于为啥男婴成活率低，我也不知道，也许因为男婴代谢水平高？
【在 r******y 的大作中提到】
: ft 那也该有个原因。
|
|
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 21 噢 谢谢了 这样也明白ls死亡率高的话了 呵呵。这个没人研究啊 哈哈
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: 生物学机理应该是不知道的，但是可以从结果上理解，男婴看起来到成年之前存活率要
: 低于女婴，因此出生时有一个补偿性的机制以保证育龄男女比例大致相同
: 至于为啥男婴成活率低，我也不知道，也许因为男婴代谢水平高？
|
r******y
发帖数: 21907 | 22 貌似也是进化的结果保证男的多些
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: 生物学机理应该是不知道的，但是可以从结果上理解，男婴看起来到成年之前存活率要
: 低于女婴，因此出生时有一个补偿性的机制以保证育龄男女比例大致相同
: 至于为啥男婴成活率低，我也不知道，也许因为男婴代谢水平高？
|
b*******n
发帖数: 8420 | 23 二战的时候死了一大批男性。之后打阿富汗和车臣战争又死了一些。外加酗酒引发的死
亡。
【在 O******e 的大作中提到】
: 为什么俄罗斯男的比女的少那么多？
|
O******e
发帖数: 4845 | 24 男婴成活率低，说不定真跟Y染色体上少的那些个基因有关
【在 p*****m 的大作中提到】
: 生物学机理应该是不知道的，但是可以从结果上理解，男婴看起来到成年之前存活率要
: 低于女婴，因此出生时有一个补偿性的机制以保证育龄男女比例大致相同
: 至于为啥男婴成活率低，我也不知道，也许因为男婴代谢水平高？
|
l**d
发帖数: 472 | 25 男性存活率比女性低，原因之一是男性只有一条X染色体，位于X染色体上的有害隐性遗
传基因在男性中普遍容易表现。比方说，血友病基因就位于X染色体上，男性患病机率就比
女性高。
原因之二是因为男性的生物学本性导致男性更为好斗，特别是青年男性。直接导致男性
死亡率高。
原因之三可以说是社会文化原因，虽然说究其根本，还是和男性争强好斗的生物学本性
相关。
也许还有其他原因。 |
a***y
发帖数: 19743 | 26 好斗，斗死多少？
动物界雄性争斗一般不导致死亡。
率就比
【在 l**d 的大作中提到】
: 男性存活率比女性低，原因之一是男性只有一条X染色体，位于X染色体上的有害隐性遗
: 传基因在男性中普遍容易表现。比方说，血友病基因就位于X染色体上，男性患病机率就比
: 女性高。
: 原因之二是因为男性的生物学本性导致男性更为好斗，特别是青年男性。直接导致男性
: 死亡率高。
: 原因之三可以说是社会文化原因，虽然说究其根本，还是和男性争强好斗的生物学本性
: 相关。
: 也许还有其他原因。
|
l**d
发帖数: 472 | 27 Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men?
http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1827162,00.html
Across the industrialized world, women still live 5 to 10 years longer than
men. Among people over 100 years old, 85% are women, according to Tom Perls,
founder of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University and
creator of the website LivingTo100.com. Time.com asks him why.
Q: Why do women live longer than men?
A: One important reason is the big delay — and advantage — women have over
men in terms of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke. Women
develop these problems usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later
than men, who develop them in their 50s and 60s. For a long time, doctors
thought the difference was due to estrogen. But studies have shown that this
may not be the case, and now we know that giving estrogen to women post-
menopause can actually be bad for them.
One reason for that delay in onset of cardiovascular disease could be that
women are relatively iron-deficient compared to men — especially younger
women, those in their late teens and early 20s — because of menstruation.
Iron plays a very important part in the reactions in our cells that produce
damaging free radicals, which glom onto cell membranes and DNA, and may
translate into aging the cell. In fact, in our diets, red meat is the main
source of iron, and lack of iron is probably one major reason that being
vegetarian is healthy for you. There was a very good study looking at the
intake of red meat and heart disease in Leiden in the Netherlands: in
regions where people didn't eat red meat, those populations had half the
rate of heart attack and stroke compared to the populations that did eat red
meat.
Another more complicated possibility [for women's longevity] is that women
have two X chromosomes, while men have one. (Men have an X and a Y.) When
cells go through aging and damage, they have a choice in terms of genes —
either on one X chromosome or the other. Consider it this way: you have a
population of cells, all aging together. In some cells, the genes on one X
chromosome are active; in other cells, by chance, the same set of genes,
with different variations, are active on the other X chromosome. Don't
forget, we all have the same genes — the reason we differ is because we
express different variations of those genes, like different colors of a car.
Now, if one set of variations provides a survival advantage for the cells
versus another, then the cells with the advantage will persist while the
other ones will die off, leaving behind more cells with the genes on the
more advantageous X chromosome. So, in women, cells can perhaps be protected
by a slightly better variation of a gene on the second X chromosome. Men
don't have this luxury and don't get this choice.
It's very unclear [how big an effect that could have]. I've seen men who
have done horrendous damage to themselves over time with smoking and
drinking and who still get to 100 and older — though that's very, very rare
. They might have the right combination of some really special genetic
variations that we call "longevity enabling genes" — which we're on the mad
hunt for. Meanwhile other individuals may do everything right and only make
it into their 80s. That may be because they have what we call "disease
genes," some genetic variations that are relatively bad for them. Now some
of these [disease genes] may be on the X chromosome, [meaning that women who
have the second X chromosome with which to compensate, would have an
advantage]. But it's really still a very complicated puzzle to tease out.
[There are a few other reasons that men die earlier in life more often than
women.] Men in their late teens and 20s go through something called "
testosterone storm." The levels of the hormone can be quite high and
changeable, and that can induce some pretty dangerous behavior among young
men. They don't wear their seatbelts; they drink too much alcohol; they can
be aggressive with weapons and so on and so forth. These behaviors lead to a
higher death rate.
Another area where we see higher death rates among men is among the
depressed — especially older men. If they attempt suicide, they are more
likely to succeed than women.
Overall, about 70% of the variation around average life expectancy — [just
over 80 for women and just over 75 for men in the U.S.] — is probably
attributable to environmental factors — your behaviors and your exposures.
Probably only 30% is due to genetics. And that's very, very good news. There
's so much we can do. Most of us should be able to get into our late 80s.
What's more, to get to older ages, like the centenarians, you are
necessarily compressing the time you're sick to the end of your life. It's
not a case where the older you get, the sicker you get. It's very much the
case that the older you get, the healthier you've been.
But, in general, there are maybe three things men do worse than women. They
smoke a lot more. (That gender gap is fortunately shrinking, since men are
smoking less and less.) They eat more food that leads to high cholesterol.
And, perhaps related to that, men tend not to deal with their stress as well
as women. They may be more prone to internalizing that stress rather than
letting go — though that's a fairly controversial point. Nonetheless,
stress plays a very important role in cardiovascular disease. |
y**********n
发帖数: 478 | |
