b*****o
发帖数: 715 | 1 我刚刚咨询了一下国内公证处的朋友，朋友告诉我：
办理出生公证有两种
1、出生证公证，需要医院开出证明，手续较为麻烦。
2、出生公证，需本人四张近期的2寸照片，当时报户口的户口本、父母和自己三人的身
份证及父母亲结婚证，稍微简便的。
朋友说，各个国家的情况可能不同。
不知道485需要的是哪种？还是两者都可以？ | s*********u
发帖数: 2535 | 2 个人经验，需要2，出生公证。版上大多数同学都是办的这个吧。 | b*****o
发帖数: 715 | 3 我的情况是：
2对于我来说很简单（我父母和我的户口是在一起的），但是对于我老婆来说很复杂（
她的户口是其他城市的集体户口）。
1对于我老婆来说很简单（我丈人是医生，我老婆就是在我丈人医院出生的），但是对
于我来说比较复杂（我都不知道我出生的医院还有没有我的信息）。
所以，最理想得情况是我用2，我老婆用1。
【在 s*********u 的大作中提到】
: 个人经验，需要2，出生公证。版上大多数同学都是办的这个吧。
| w*****0
发帖数: 3349 | 4 版上大部分人都用的2，国内办婴儿出生证明是90年代什么时候才开始的吧 | b*****o
发帖数: 715 | 5 我刚刚读了一下律师给我的文件（见下），结合我公证处朋友的意见，我的理解是：
1其实是primary document，2是secondary document。但是在中国primary document很
难搞到，甚至很容易作假，所以反而2的secondary document是普遍使用的。
Birth Certificates
Available in the form of notarial certificates, which are secondary evidence
. Notarial certificates of birth (Chu Sheng Gong Zheng Shu or Chu Sheng
Zheng Ming Shu) for persons living in or recently departed from China are
generally reliable, but are best used in conjunction with other evidence.
They are most often based upon an AHHR, (Household Record) which is easily
susceptible to fraud, especially in villages. Notarial birth certificates
for persons long departed from China are most likely based merely upon the
testimony of interested parties.
While some notarial birth certificates will list stepparents or adoptive
parents along with natural parents, this is not always the case. In some
cases, the certificates will list only the natural parents, covering up an
adoption.
Some applicants will present notarial certificates of relationship (Guan Xi
Gong Zheng [or Zheng Ming] Shu) in lieu of notarial birth certificates.
These certificates of relationship are unreliable and tend to be based
solely upon the testimony of interested parties. Notarial birth certificates
should be required. Care should be taken with any certificate that lists
step relationships. These relationships are as of the date of issuance of
the certificate only. Marriage certificates should also be required.
Documents
Most of the documents listed below can be obtained from one of China's
Notarial Offices (Gong Zheng Chu). All Chinese documentation to be used
abroad is processed through the notary offices and issued in the form of
notarial certificates. Notarial offices are located in all major Chinese
cities and in rural county seats. These offices are part of the Ministry of
Justice structure, but are separate from the people's court system.
Notaries in China do not perform the same functions as their American
counterparts. Chinese notaries affix their signatures and office seal to
certificates that attest to the probity of claims made by the applicants. By
regulation, notaries are empowered to issue certificates only after they
conclude that the applicant's claims are true. Notarial certificates of
birth, death, marriage, divorce, no criminal record and pre-1981 adoptions
are, at best, secondary evidence of the events they purport to document.
Although these certificates are secondary evidence, they are used because
primary evidence is not standardized, is easily forged, and difficult to
evaluate. Notarial certificates are easier to interpret than primary
evidence and theoretically represent an expert judgment on the part of the
notarial official as to the facts documented.
The certificates can be based upon primary evidence, secondary evidence,
testimony of the applicant or other parties, or investigation by the notary.
For most notarial certificates of birth or adoption, the primary underlying
documentation is the household register (HHR) which appears to be extremely
susceptible to fraud and manipulation, especially if the holder of the HHR
lives outside of a major metropolitan area. Notarial certificates rarely
cite the basis for their issuance.*
Thus a certificate in itself may not be adequate evidence of the facts
claimed, and is best used in conjunction with primary and contemporaneous
secondary evidence: old land deeds and old family registers; letters or
money receipts; family records from countries that have reliable public
documents; school and medical records. In relationship cases, especially
where the petitioner left China years before, the best evidence of
relationship, or lack of it, would be the Hong Kong Certificate of
Registered Particulars (for petitioners who lived in Hong Kong), or the
petitioner's immigration and/or naturalization file.
Local conditions often do not permit consular officers to conduct on-site
inquiries. However, if there is a reason to doubt the claims in a
certificate issued by a Chinese notary, the American consular post in the
issuing office's area may verify the information through the notarial office
, or, if possible, by field investigation. A copy of the document in
question should be submitted to the post, as well as detailed reasons for
the suspicion. For suspected relationship fraud, the first step should be a
check of the information contained in the INS file or Joint Voluntary Agency
(JVA) files for former refugees. Given sufficient reason, notaries do
investigate, and in some cases, revoke certificates. Several months should
be allowed for a reply.
Individuals residing outside of China may obtain notarial certificates from
the notarial office with jurisdiction over the county of previous residence.
Chinese relatives or friends may request issuance of certificates on behalf
of someone now living abroad. Relatives and friends should have specific
written authorization from the interested party before they request
certificates. Alternatively, persons in need of notarial documents may
contact the PRC Embassy or Consulate nearest to their residence abroad and
ask that the request be forwarded to the appropriate notarial office.
Obtaining a notarial certificate through a PRC Embassy or Consulate can
require considerable time. | d***y
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