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发帖数: 2599 | 1 看来我没猜错。Peirce还有同时代一些人，是一伙的。这里有本书
The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America（2001 Pulitzer Prize），
介绍如下：
The Metaphysical Club was an informal group that met in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in 1872, to talk about ideas. Its members included Oliver
Well Holmes, Jr., future associate justice of the United States Supreme
Court; William James, the father of modern American psychology; and Charles
Sanders Peirce, logician, scientist, and the founder of semiotics. The Club
was probably in existence for about nine months. No records were kept. The
one thing we know that came out of it was an idea -- an idea about ideas.
This book is the story of that idea.
Holmes, James, and Peirce all believed that ideas are not things "out there"
waiting to be discovered but are tools people invent -- like knives and
forks and microchips -- to make their way in the world. They thought that
ideas are produced not by individuals, but by groups of individuals -- that
ideas are social. They do not develop according to some inner logic of their
own but are entirely depent -- like germs -- on their human carriers and
environment. And they thought that the survival of any idea depends not on
its immutability but on its adaptability.
The Metaphysical Club is written in the spirit of this idea about ideas. It
is not a history of philosophy but an absorbing narrative about
personalities and social history, a story about America. It begins with the
Civil War and ends in 1919 with Justice Holmes's dissenting opinion in the
case of U.S. v. Abrams-the basis for the constitutional law of free speech.
The first four sections of the book focus on Holmes, James, Peirce, and
their intellectual heir, John Dewey. The last section discusses some of the
fundamental twentieth-century ideas they are associated with. This is a book
about a way of thinking that changed American life." |
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