I*****a
发帖数: 5425 | 1 So
1) Do we use the concept "sufficient" when we are talking about a statistic
? I personally never saw terms like "sufficient likelihood" or "a likelihood
function is sufficient", etc. I even tried to google it and you may try it,
too.
2) Is a likelihood function a function of parameters ? No one says a sample
{Xi} cannot fully specify a likelihood function. But this does not change th
e fact that "likelihood function is a function of parameters"
I think these two are the results everyone can c... 阅读全帖 |
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I*****a
发帖数: 5425 | 2 Come on. Don't get mad. We were just discussing a concept.
No offense here as before.
I think your claim some other people and I don't agree w/ is in the 2nd post
of
this thread, that is "likelihood is sufficient". That's all. And I said I
never saw this term, or alternatively the claim like "some likelihood is
suff
icient". People usually talk about "** statistics are sufficient" instead.
As I replied in the 2nd or 3rd post before this, I tried to search for this
term and failed.
I did ask two ... 阅读全帖 |
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s********1
发帖数: 54 | 3 ______________________________________________________________________
In terms of the variance structure
______________________________________________________________________
Normal structure depend on each individual,Spatial structure depends on the
distances between two points and compound, etc.
______________________________________________________________________
In terms of the likelihood:
______________________________________________________________________
The PL method is based on Wol... 阅读全帖 |
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g****g
发帖数: 1828 | 4 In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution, is a
continuous probability distribution that is often used as a first
approximation to describe real-valued random variables that tend to cluster
around a single mean value. The graph of the associated probability density
function is “bell”-shaped, and is known as the Gaussian function or bell
curve:[nb 1]
f(x) = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2}}\; e^{ -\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}
},
where parameter μ is the mean (location of the pe... 阅读全帖 |
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o******e
发帖数: 1001 | 5 上个周五开了一个讨论maximum likelihood estimation的帖子，达到很多大牛的指点
，非常感谢！
在那个帖子里，我可以还是没有把问题讲清楚，我重新开一帖子，把问题讲得更清楚一
些：
有一组数据Ａ（不是一列，是好多列），我的目标是分析两个不同的拟合模型，看哪个
更好。我用的两个模型可以表示为：
X=f(A,N(0,1))
Y=g(A,N(0,1))
也就是说X,Y的模型的参数都从数据A得到，但是它们的结构是不一样的。我用maximum
likelihood estimation去拟合X和Y的模型，发现Y的likelihood稍微大一些，也就是说
Y模型稍微好一些。
同样的，因为有这样的反函数：
N(0,1)=f^-1(A,x),这里x是用X模型预测到的参数值。
N(0,1)=g^-1(A,y)，这里y是用Y模型预测到的参数值。
我么可以把f^-1(A,x)和g^-1(A,y)拟合到标准正态分布，我也计算它们相对了N(0,1)的
likelihood的值，这时候却发现f^-1(A,x)的likelihood大一些，这是不是说明X的模型
好一些？
另外，以前的帖子里很多... 阅读全帖 |
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C*I
发帖数: 4736 | 6 一直在误导，现在还在误导。 说说明corona virus 不可以从蝙蝠直接传染给人，必须
经过一个中间宿体性的其它动物才能传染给人。所以，病毒发生后，就故意误导全国人
民去海鲜市场找证据，找其它野生动物的麻烦。 而且还是病毒所去找的，找完了还装
模做样化验呀，分离呀什么的。最后把责任全部推给了海鲜市场的动物。可是那种动物
，一直不敢说，说了其它相关已经在人就会去早那种动物监测。 所以压根不说，打马
虎眼。
事实上，早在2013 年，就是这个武汉病毒研究所，已经从来自云南的蝙蝠身上所携带
的corona virus中分离出第一株蝙蝠SARS类似样的冠状病毒的活病毒，其中就包含了类
似于S类型的基因。从而证实这株病毒能够使其接受和SARS病毒相同的受体，并能够感
染人的细胞。对此新发现，武汉病毒所还把它以武汉病毒研究所的英文简称命名“WIV1
”，以彰显这一发现的重要价值和属于自己第一个发现的巨大研究成果。这个成果刊载
于2013年11月的《自然》杂志。
就是说，从云南弄回来的这种蝙蝠所携带的类似于sars的 corona virus， 可以不经过
其它受体/宿体，而直接传染给人。 他们... 阅读全帖 |
|
C*I
发帖数: 4736 | 7 一直在误导，现在还在误导。 说说明corona virus 不可以从蝙蝠直接传染给人，必须
经过一个中间宿体性的其它动物才能传染给人。所以，病毒发生后，就故意误导全国人
民去海鲜市场找证据，找其它野生动物的麻烦。 而且还是病毒所去找的，找完了还装
模做样化验呀，分离呀什么的。最后把责任全部推给了海鲜市场的动物。可是那种动物
，一直不敢说，说了其它相关已经在人就会去早那种动物监测。 所以压根不说，打马
虎眼。
事实上，早在2013 年，就是这个武汉病毒研究所，已经从来自云南的蝙蝠身上所携带
的corona virus中分离出第一株蝙蝠SARS类似样的冠状病毒的活病毒，其中就包含了类
似于S类型的基因。从而证实这株病毒能够使其接受和SARS病毒相同的受体，并能够感
染人的细胞。对此新发现，武汉病毒所还把它以武汉病毒研究所的英文简称命名“WIV1
”，以彰显这一发现的重要价值和属于自己第一个发现的巨大研究成果。这个成果刊载
于2013年11月的《自然》杂志。
就是说，从云南弄回来的这种蝙蝠所携带的类似于sars的 corona virus， 可以不经过
其它受体/宿体，而直接传染给人。 他们... 阅读全帖 |
|
C*I
发帖数: 4736 | 8 Published: 30 October 2013
Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the
ACE2 receptor
Xing-Yi Ge, Jia-Lu Li, Xing-Lou Yang, Aleksei A. Chmura, Guangjian Zhu,
Jonathan H. Epstein, Jonna K. Mazet, Ben Hu, Wei Zhang, Cheng Peng, Yu-Ji
Zhang, Chu-Ming Luo, Bing Tan, Ning Wang, Yan Zhu, Gary Crameri, Shu-Yi
Zhang, Lin-Fa Wang, Peter Daszak & Zheng-Li Shi
Nature volume 503, pages535–538(2013)Cite this article
Abstract
The 2002–3 pandemic caused by severe acute respirator... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 9 哈佛大学研究发现，美国独立日游行只让共和党人感到兴奋，让孩子最终成为共和党，
有助于共和党选民出来投票
Harvard: July 4th Parades Are Right-Wing
By Paul Bedard
Posted: June 30, 2011
Democratic political candidates can skip this weekend's July 4th parades. A
new Harvard University study finds that July 4th parades energize only
Republicans, turn kids into Republicans, and help to boost the GOP turnout
of adults on Election Day.
"Fourth of July celebrations in the United States shape the nation's
political landscape by forming beliefs and increasin... 阅读全帖 |
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x**h
发帖数: 173 | 10 很有意思的观点. 我可以理解两种分布Entropy的不同. 可是likelihood不一定有差别.
李古棋逢对手,40盘打成20比20. 看来,每人赢一盘的实际概率都是50%. 这样,总盘数
为奇数,不同的分布Likelihood会有不同;否则,likelihood应为相同. 当然,我没有考虑
连续两盘的条件概率.
这样看来,likelihood和entropy的关联可能需要一定限定.
probability |
|
d****n
发帖数: 1637 | 11 //please skip if you think it is too simple
download link:
http://ben.klemens.org/pdfs/gsl_stats.pdf
Preface xi
Chapter 1. Statistics in the modern day 1
PART I COMPUTING 15
Chapter 2. C 17
2.1 Lines 18
2.2 Variables and their declarations 28
2.3 Functions 34
2.4 The debugger 43
2.5 Compiling and running 48
2.6 Pointers 53
2.7 Arrays and other pointer tricks 59
2.8 Strings 65
2.9 ¸ Errors 69
Chapter 3. Databases 74
3.1 Basic queries 76
3.2 ¸ Doing more with queries 80
3.3 Joins and sub... 阅读全帖 |
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A****t
发帖数: 141 | 12 log(likelihood ratio)
这里的likelihood ratio一般小于1，所以log（likelihood ratio）小于0
-2log（likelihood ratio）才是chisquare distribution |
|
s******s
发帖数: 13035 | 13 其实这个学过统计bayesian的应当知道, 这个基因相当于likelihood function,
最后产生的生物就是posterior dist'n, 当然还要乘以另一个环境的likelihood,
但是其实还有很主要的一部分, 就是胚胎细胞里面成分配比, 也就是prior.
所以只有基因组没有这个prior, 出来的东西很可疑. 当然只要一代一代拼命
的乘以这个likelihood, 这个最早的prior也就不太重要了.
BTW, 为了解释lz的问题, 这个likelihood只要定义distribution和parameters
就行了, 不用定义每个点的行为 |
|
l*******l
发帖数: 204 | 14 f(t|qtl): pdf of event time given QTL, possible exponential or
Weibull.
q(qtl|m1,m2): distribution of QTL given two franking markers, marker 1 and marker
2.
likelihood of individual with event= Sum_{qtl} f(t|qtl)q(qtl|m1,m2). Sum over all possible QTL genotype give genotype of m1 and m2.
likelihood of individual with right censor= Sum_{qtl} S(t|qtl)q(qtl|m1,m2), where S is the survival function of f(t|qtl)
log likelihood = sum (log( likelihood of individual))
However it may not easy to minimize |
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a*********r
发帖数: 139 | 15 I'm not mad. I just don't want to waste my time when people do not read your
answer carefully and jump to their wrong conclusion.
The second post is not mine. I started from the 3rd.
I never used the term "sufficient likelihood" if you go back to check all my
posts. All I said is likelihood function is a sufficient statistic when
considered as a function.
I feel you still do not fully understand the concept of a statistic. Yes. Likelihood function is always defined a function of the parameter. T... 阅读全帖 |
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k*******a
发帖数: 772 | 16 可以用MLE吧， 假设phi(.)是n(X_i*beta, sigma^2)的CDF f(.)是pdf
如果 y_i=a, likelihood = phi(a)
如果 y_i=b, likelihood = 1 - phi(b)
如果 a < y_i < b, likelihood = f(y_i)
这个和interval censored survival 很类似...
然后optimize这个likelihood |
|
d**z
发帖数: 3577 | 17 我早说了，后清国欺内媚外，举世皆知。
洋人鄙视，但不说而已，反正对洋人有利。
并且早已变成世界各国和各民族的共识。
现在剑桥大学还有研究成果，并且有论文。
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/americans-show-unethical-leaning-
其实已经很客气了，没直说举国愚蠢犯贱。
阿Q后清还爱演戏装阔，其实早已是徒然。
后清是最欺内，媚外犯贱，反理性的国家。
世界各国是欺外媚内，后清国则是欺内媚外。
AMERICANS SHOW "UNETHICAL" LEANING WHEN SEALING DEALS WITH CHINA
Americans are more likely to use unethical tactics in business negotiations
with Chinese than with other Americans, while Chinese are more likely to be
unethical when dealing with their fellow countrymen, accordi... 阅读全帖 |
|
P***e
发帖数: 804 | 18 https://news.usc.edu/109339/why-the-usc-dornsifel-a-times-presidential-poll-
is-unlike-other-polls/
The scientists behind the USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times Presidential
Election Daybreak Poll have answered a list of frequently asked questions
about the national probability tracking poll that many media observers have
labeled as an “outlier” because its results have differed from other polls
’ since its July debut.
The results of the Daybreak Poll are updated nightly, and are publicly
available ... 阅读全帖 |
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a*********a
发帖数: 3656 | 19 “This extension is to be granted only if the judge determines that there is
a
reasonable likelihood of finding a willing provider of the disputed
treatment if more time is granted.”
英国小孩的例子，意大利已经同意给治疗了，还给了国籍，很明显既成事实的“
reasonable likelihood of finding a willing provider of the disputed
treatment if more time is granted”
likelihood = 100%, no more time needed.
Care |
|
D***0
发帖数: 5214 | 20 iihs有说smart好多了？dummy都是死翘...
http://www.iihs.org/iihs/news/desktopnews/new-crash-tests-demon
Mercedes C class versus Smart Fortwo
After striking the front of the C class, the Smart went airborne and turned
around 450 degrees. This contributed to excessive movement of the dummy
during rebound — a dramatic indication of the Smart's poor performance but
not the only one. There was extensive intrusion into the space around the
dummy from head to feet. The instrument panel moved up and toward the dumm... 阅读全帖 |
|
c**********e
发帖数: 2007 | 21 Can anybody look at this problem? The answer seems different from mine. 我觉
得答案不对。
Facebook Hacker Cup 2011 Round 1A
First or Last
As a top driver in European racing circles, you find yourself taking more
than your fair share of risks. You go into every race knowing it may be your
last, but generally with the suspicion it won't be. Today, however, may
turn out to be different. The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile
has sanctioned a new track in the Bernese Alps that may prove to be death o... 阅读全帖 |
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J*******4
发帖数: 14 | 22 从版上看了很多东西，今天也来回报一下，分享一下我的经验。希望能对大家有帮助。
简单介绍一下背景。非名校，非牛人，EE fresh Phd，machine learning方向，主要研
究理论和提一些方法。对做research很感兴趣。完全不觉得读PhD痛苦。相反经常自己
没事，周末去实验室做点事。主要目标在工业界找一个research type职位。这是自己
最主要的要求。因为必须是自己喜欢干的才能干的好，而且只要干好了，待遇也不会低
。个人对coding并不排斥，但是觉得coding只是一个工具，更重要的是要实现的内容。
已经有几年没用C和C++了，但是对自己的coding还是很有信心的，在国内工作过几年
SDE，觉得coding至少不是自己的弱项，虽然没有专门刷题练过。
老板很久前就说给一个PostDoc职位，可能也是因为这个，整个找工作的阶段自己心态
都很放松。6月开始正式找工作。8月下旬签offer。总共投了6、7家。面了两家G和A。
拿了一个offer，A的ML scientist。自己很满意这个结果。 在这里要特别感谢版上的
一位前辈给内推GE，虽然由于一些原因最后没成，但... 阅读全帖 |
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c*******d
发帖数: 198 | 23 刚查到的一些信息：
http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/paintexposure.
What about pregnancy and household paint use?
The most common question related to pregnancy and paint exposure has to do
with painting the new baby's nursery or decorating the house before the baby
arrives. Unfortunately, there are no studies that document the effects of
household painting on pregnancy and the developing baby.
Currently, the assumption is that household painting involves very low
levels of exposure. The re... 阅读全帖 |
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I***e
发帖数: 1136 | 24 Good luck.
for something like BIDU, which has 90% options implied vol, your claim isn't
as extreme as it appears. Weekly vol is at 12.5%, and 11 dollars off
yesterday's near 110 close is about 0.8 sigma.
If BIDU follows Brownian motion, then the likelihood of it touching 100 at
one point of the next week is at 43%.
On the other hand, if you are claiming that BIDU will close below 100 next
Friday, then the likelihood is much lower (exactly at 1/2 of the number
above) at 21%. Then again, with the ... 阅读全帖 |
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p**8
发帖数: 3883 | 25 发信人: p838 (挣钱快乐！), 信区: Stockcafeteria
标 题: 现在就是涨涨跌跌的猪市，如何从猪市挣钱最重要。
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Oct 8 18:07:41 2011, 美东)
我说过“除了牛和熊，还有猪！”（http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t0/Stock/33857783.html）
经常看到大家讨论牛市和熊市。你说现在是牛市，那为何跌破1100。你说现在是熊市，
那为何连涨3天1.5%以上。
其实，现在就是涨涨跌跌的猪市。
另外股市的数学模型就是Brownian motion。 也就事说，股市大多数时是猪。做好猪市
是很重要的。如何从猪市挣钱最重要。
我的猪市炒作就是 卖option。
///
发信人: p838 (挣钱快乐！), 信区: Stockcafeteria
标 题: Re: 猪狗神：你是高手一个。你住哪里？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Oct 8 17:39:34 2011, 美东)
如果学中文的肯定说不出 那最后一句话。
//
其实有时只要看一个贴就知道LZ的高低。 比如I... 阅读全帖 |
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B*******n
发帖数: 20645 | 26 Hiring has slowed, economic growth has eased, inflation is tame and millions
of Americans remain unemployed. In short, the recovery is stalling.
But after more than three years of trying to stimulate the economy, what
else is the Federal Reserve to do?
That's the predicament Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and his crew will face this
week, as the Federal Open Market Committee meets in D.C. Tuesday and
Wednesday.
Should they chose to act soon, here are some options on the table:
1. Extend Operation Twi... 阅读全帖 |
|
B********d
发帖数: 1893 | 27
10 Potentially Catastrophic Mistakes During Bank Robberies
by Tony Brissette
Most bank employees will never experience a bank robbery. But those who do
will find it can be a very traumatic experience.
Approximately 80 percent of bank robberies involve a lone robber who holds
up a lone teller. The bank robber may hand the teller a note and may or may
not display a weapon. The robber's goal is to appear simply as a customer
conducting a transaction. He doesn't want to be noticed and counts on onl... 阅读全帖 |
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s********n
发帖数: 4346 | 28 What proposed here is a Bayesian model of predicting whether a particular
person is P, H or T.
Let Type denote a discreet variable of predictions P, H or T.
Let s denote an observed variable of appearance or attribute.
P(Type) is the probability of T, P, H based on common sense and statistics
without knowing anything about the particular person.
P(s,Type) is the probability of seeing characteristics s (long hair, shorts
, red Jeep, worrying about marrying a man, etc) given the Type.
Bayesian i... 阅读全帖 |
|
s****i
发帖数: 216 | 29 想知道bayesian linear regression 和maximu likelihood with regularization
term 是不是一个东西?
君请看 bishop上的一段话;
In our discussion of maximum likelihood for setting the parameters of a
linear re-
gression model, we have seen that the effective model complexity, governed
by the
number of basis functions, needs to be controlled according to the size of
the data
set. Adding a regularization term to the log likelihood function means the
effective
model complexity can then be controlled by the value of the regula |
|
b*****e
发帖数: 499 | 30 1. Matlab provides a class 'gmdistribution' for GMM高斯混合模型.
2. If you want to implement by yourself.There some tricks for implementing
this kind of algorithms numerically stable. For example:try to maximize log-
likelihood rather than the likelihood so that 连乘 becomes summation. When
computing the log-likelihood, you may need to subtract the maximal values
and put it back to prevent underflow. |
|
b*******o
发帖数: 2 | 31 Thanks.
I am not sure whether or not it is nested model. If I can added the sex
cofactor into Markov model directly, I think there is no problem for
likelihood ratio test. But the sex coefficient is very difficult to estimate
using maximum likelihood estimation. So I have to split the dataset into
two parts according to sex and then compare the likelihood before splitting
and after splitting. |
|
s****n
发帖数: 489 | 32 Y-ber(1/6 + 2p/3)
Z-sum(Y) which is bin(n,1/6+2p/3)
prior p - beta(a,b)
posterior roughly equal likelihood * prior
likelihood function是binomail with premeter n and probability
1/6 + 2p/3
prior function p 是一个beta (a,b)
想问一下posterior fucntion是什么.
基本上说如果likelihood 是binomail prior是beta的话
会出来的posterior应该也死beta
但是这里binomial的premeter是一个相对比较复杂的p
请高手帮忙解答一下.最好能给出来大概的步骤.多谢了 |
|
w********o
发帖数: 1621 | 33 Use likelihood. Compared it to the likelihood of a null model. The bigger
the likelihood is, the better is the model fitting. From underlying
rationales of AIC, BIC for mixed models. |
|
g**r
发帖数: 425 | 34 Don't quite understand your question: if you already know, or at least you
are willing to assume your random variable has a beta distribution, then you
can use your conjugate beta prior.
For those you cannot find a conjugate prior, usually it is because your
distribution function is not in a "nice" format, and hence your prior*
likelihood function does not have the same kernal as your prior. So the key
is if you find a prior that has the same kernal as prior*likelihood, you
got your conjugate ... 阅读全帖 |
|
y*****w
发帖数: 1350 | 35 It seems survreg() in R and PROC LIFEREG in SAS run the same type of
survival analysis. However, when I ran both of them on a survival data, I
got different results. Both were set as exponential distribution, and have
right censored data. See below. Could anybody tell me why the results are
different? Did I miss specifying any important parameters in R? Thanks!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The R code:
survFit <- survreg(Surv(time, event, type="right") ~... 阅读全帖 |
|
y*****w
发帖数: 1350 | 36 "可以把简化的model和未简化的model用 likelihood ratio test来比较。 如果差异不
大，就可以用简化的model。"
--- How to define "差异不大"? Do those likelihood ratio tests have to
strictly follow the Chi-Square probabilities? For example, if a likelihood
ratio test has a p-value of 0.045, should the full model still be applied? |
|
i***y
发帖数: 98 | 37 1.说model fit improvement是chi－square distribution （关于这点我也是一知半解
，我课上跟老师做过nested model comparison，就是用两个model的－2log
likelihood的差，再用degree of freedom的差，用chisquare statistics比较两个
model是不是有显著不同）
likelihood ratio test
然后这篇文章还是第二页，第13行说到“The importance of normality of residuals
in GLMs, on the
other hand, is debated.”
means some people don't care the residual in GLM
try to read this book:An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models
3.上面模型中，b和c的point estimate是用OLS或者Maximum likelihood的方法估计出
来的（这种说法对吗？？），
I... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********8
发帖数: 25265 | 38 Failure mode and effects analysis
From Wikipedia,
A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a procedure in product
development and operations management for analysis of potential failure
modes within a system for classification by the severity and likelihood of
the failures. A successful FMEA activity helps a team to identify potential
failure modes based on past experience with similar products or processes,
enabling the team to design those failures out of the system with the
minimum of e... 阅读全帖 |
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p**8
发帖数: 3883 | 39 如果学中文的肯定说不出 那最后一句话。
//
其实有时只要看一个贴就知道LZ的高低。 比如Icare。 估计股版90%以上的人看不懂
他下面的贴。
//
其实股市的数学模型就是Brownian motion。 也就事说，股市大多数时是猪。
做好猪市是很重要的。我想 猪狗神 知道 得最清楚。不然，他叫牛神。
///
发信人: p838 (挣钱快乐！), 信区: Stock
标 题: Re: Icare，你是不是也想学Goodbug去吃shit呢？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Tue Sep 20 20:21:55 2011, 美东)
Icare 是我尊敬的高手。今天你这样对他，我只好把您的大贴UP起来。
我当天查过1：30PM 根本没有400个put的交易。
RIMM的股价大家都清楚。
///
发信人: Icare (土豆自风流), 信区: Stock
标 题: Re: 昨天cover 百度的loser 进来
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Sep 30 11:03:37 2011, 美东)
Good luck.
for something like BIDU, whic... 阅读全帖 |
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p**8
发帖数: 3883 | 40 我说过“除了牛和熊，还有猪！”（http://www.mitbbs.com/article_t0/Stock/33857783.html）
经常看到大家讨论牛市和熊市。你说现在是牛市，那为何跌破1100。你说现在是熊市，
那为何连涨3天1.5%以上。
其实，现在就是涨涨跌跌的猪市。
另外股市的数学模型就是Brownian motion。 也就事说，股市大多数时是猪。做好猪市
是很重要的。如何从猪市挣钱最重要。
我的猪市炒作就是 卖option。
///
发信人: p838 (挣钱快乐！), 信区: Stockcafeteria
标 题: Re: 猪狗神：你是高手一个。你住哪里？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sat Oct 8 17:39:34 2011, 美东)
如果学中文的肯定说不出 那最后一句话。
//
其实有时只要看一个贴就知道LZ的高低。 比如Icare。 估计股版90%以上的人看不懂
他下面的贴。
//
其实股市的数学模型就是Brownian motion。 也就事说，股市大多数时是猪。
做好猪市是很重要的。我想 猪狗神 知道 得最清楚。不然，他叫牛神。
///
发信... 阅读全帖 |
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T**********r
发帖数: 1223 | 41 http://web.stratfor.com/images/writers/CHINA_RARE_EARTH_ELEMENTS.pdf?fn=9617327557
China and the Future of Rare Earth Elements
October 14, 2010
clip_image002
STRATFOR
PDF Version
* Click here to download a PDF of this report
A recent diplomatic spat between China and Japan has heightened territorial
tensions and called attention to China’s growing forcefulness with foreign
powers. One of the more intriguing aspects of this development was China’s
suspension of the export of “rare ea... 阅读全帖 |
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v****o
发帖数: 978 | 42 Chinese economic reform and development: achievements, emerging challenges
and unfinished tasks
Jane Golley and Ligang Song
The economic transformation that has taken place in China since the late
1970s is now regarded as one of the most significant social changes in human
history. Within just three decades, China has succeeded in transforming
itself from a centrally-planned closed economy into one of the world’s most
dynamic and globally-integrated market economies. The dynamics unleashed by
De... 阅读全帖 |
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T**********e
发帖数: 29576 | 43 黑男把黑女搞的真惨，黑男是极品，screwing up 全社会。
Blacks struggle with 72 percent unwed mothers rate
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39993685/ns/health-womens_health/t/
Why black women are justifiably bitter: The bleak relationship picture for
African-American females
By Ralph Richard Banks
Stereotypes of black women as angry or bitter are pervasive. They are also
more accurate than many people would like to acknowledge: many black women
have perfectly good reasons to be angry or bitter.
Black women are the most u... 阅读全帖 |
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w*********g
发帖数: 30882 | 44 美元的国际储备货币地位还能维系多久？ (2013-10-13 20:52:13)
葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国、美国各自货币作为国际储备货币的时间
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-10-13/chinas-official-press-
China's Official Press Agency Calls For New Reserve Currency, And New World
Order
by Tyler Durden, Zero Hedge, 13 October 2013
We assume it is a coincidence that on the day in which we demonstrate China'
s relentless appetite for gold, driven by what we and many others believe is
the country's desire to have a call option on a gold-backed reserve
currency wh... 阅读全帖 |
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m**i
发帖数: 9848 | 45 可以啊，都是likelihood，你说的那些likelihood很低而已。 |
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b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 46 http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/04/19/cnbc-be
10 best jobs for 2014:
1. Mathematician
Change from ranking on 2013 list: Up 17
Midlevel income: $101,360
Key factors for ranking: work environment, high income and outlook, low
stress
These are the people who figure out if a decision makes sense for a company
or organization, be it digging for oil or building a car. They work in a
variety of sectors, including energy, transportation and IT. "Mathematicians
have historically been th... 阅读全帖 |
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w********t
发帖数: 12853 | 47 你再好好读读这个案件在美国造成的影响，激烈辩论，以及受害者继续进行的民事诉讼。
如果中国权贵的儿子犯罪，或者其他不公正的办案过程，也能持续受到这样的媒体关注
，我觉得就是民主的一种体现。民主不等于说社会就没有丑陋，没有矛盾，没有舞弊贪
赃，民主体制在于这些问题出现之后，人民群众是被强迫噤声顺从，还是可以出来合法
反抗。
Reaction[edit]
Following the probation sentence, the Tarrant County District Attorney's
office has asked a juvenile judge to incarcerate Couch, on two counts of
intoxication assault, saying there had been no verdict formally entered for
those charges and "every case deserves a verdict."[16]
One psychologist who disagreed with Couch's sen... 阅读全帖 |
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t******l
发帖数: 10908 | 48 Maximum likelihood 本质上是小嗟夫的华尔街高端统计学。。。比如一个例子是如果
你打算扔六次硬币，五次都是正面朝上，那么最后一次会出现三个反面，统统都朝上。
。。但如果你扔第六次的时候，突然改注意不打算扔这第六次了，那小嗟夫会 trigger
forced margin call，你不想扔第六次也一定得扔，否则小嗟夫的华尔街传销老鼠会
就此崩溃。。。
现在流行的是用prior knowledge进行还原
而不是Maximum likelihood方法
比如一张图有失真，那可以通过在100万张类似图里学得的模型来重构。 |
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r*s
发帖数: 2555 | 49 【 以下文字转载自 Joke 讨论区 】
发信人: rbs (jay), 信区: Joke
标 题: 诺委会太不像话了
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Wed Oct 4 10:23:52 2017, 美东)
尼玛87篇参考文献就不能加一篇施教授或能教授的CNS？
References
1. Ruska, E., Nobel Lectures, Physics 1981-1990, Tore Frängsmyr and
Gösta Ekspong, Eds. (1993) World Scientific Publishing, Singapore
2. Marton, L. (1934) Electron microscopy of biological objects. Nature
133, 911-911
3. Althoff, T., Mills, D. J., Popot, J. L., and Kühlbrandt, W. (2011)
Arrangement of electron transport chain compone... 阅读全帖 |
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B******n
发帖数: 1920 | 50 【 以下文字转载自 USANews 讨论区 】
发信人: ferrygao (发糕), 信区: USANews
标 题: 为啥美国这么多残疾人士
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Apr 8 19:18:48 2018, 美东)
Nearly 1 in 5 People Have a Disability in the U.S., Census Bureau Reports
Report Released to Coincide with 22nd Anniversary of the ADA
About 56.7 million people — 19 percent of the population — had a
disability in 2010, according to a broad definition of disability, with more
than half of them reporting the disability was severe, according to a
comprehensive report on this popu... 阅读全帖 |
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