y*****g
发帖数: 1822 | 1 http://www.gay.net/positive-proud/2011/11/07/did-i-abandon-fami
DID I ABANDON FAMILY FOR THE GAY COMMUNITY?
BY: MARK S. KING
11.7.2011
Panama City, Florida, with its sugar sand beaches and busy tourist
trade, is affectionately considered the Redneck Riviera. Folks from Alabama
and its neighbor states make the trip down Highway 231 and straight into
the Florida panhandle, breezing through a stretch known as Watermelon Alley,
where locals sell fruit and souvenirs along the asphalt in hop... 阅读全帖 |
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S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 2 作者：斩鞍
简单的回答是不一定。我不是学法律的，下面的信息都是网上扒来的，如有谬误，请大
家指出。
一般的刑事民事法律在美国是州法，所以不同州的具体标准不同。使用枪械自卫在不同
州大致遵循三种不同的原则：1，Duty to Retreat; 2,Castle Doctrine; 3, Stand
Your Ground.
解释一下这三种原则：
1.Duty to Retreat。 面对侵害，首先要后退回避，屋子外的可以退到屋子里，屋子里
的可以退到屋子外，只有在确实没有安全退路的情况下才可以使用枪械自卫。应用这种
原则的地方，开枪自卫者需要举证说明自己开枪前已经退却了，如果可以回避侵害没有
做而直接开枪自卫，则会被视作攻击行为。
2.Castle Doctrine。城堡法是目前应用最广泛的自卫原则，已经有31个州通过了这类
法案，大同小异。城堡法有以下几个要素：
只能在城堡范围内使用枪械（一般指住房，少数会扩展到院子，独立车库，自用车，乃
至合法使用的工作场所，暂住场所等）。入侵者上门看见你掏枪，扭头跑出去了，这时
候还开枪打他就是攻击行为；
入侵者可能造成家中主人的死亡或者严重身... 阅读全帖 |
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l*******s
发帖数: 26303 | 3 ls好像说的对。我来贴个法律原文吧：
http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/om_isapi.dll?
clientID=16200418&Depth=2&depth=2&expandheadings=on&headingswithhits=o
n&hitsperheading=on&infobase=statutes.nfo&record=
{165B}&softpage=Doc_Frame_PG42
没时间看的重点看2C:3-4 b.(2)(b)(i)
基本意思是能逃的话就不能使用致命武力，但1)在自己家里例外（如果自己不是挑事者
），2)警察执行公务或者普通人帮助警察执行公务必须使用致命武力例外。
2C:3-4 c. 进一步解释了对擅闯私宅者经警告无效又对你构成威胁的，可使用武
力或致命武力。
-------------------------------------
2C:3-4 Use of force in self-protection.
2C:3-4. Use of Force in Self-Protection. a. U... 阅读全帖 |
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o******e
发帖数: 1761 | 4 二。美国枪支管理现状及有关规定
感谢MITBBS各位网友的辛勤工作，本文引用自 O编辑总结： MITBBS网友谈美国枪支管
理现状及有关规定 （链接：http://blog.renren.com/blog/241551763/892007824?bfrom=01020110200）并进行部分补充
首先声明，我个人是支持严格枪支管理的。如果能真的保证罪犯的枪也被没收，我也支
持禁枪。但绝对不支持现行民主党挂羊头卖狗肉的，只许州官放火的哗众取宠的假禁枪
（如：只追究即禁枪法案颁布日之后的枪支，对以前枪支既往不咎--笑话，旧枪就不能
杀人么？）要禁就宣布回收政策，过期出动军队，挨家挨户搜，搜到者严处！并严守
边境，打击贩毒枪支相连之犯罪。如果做不到上面的，我则支持合法理智的公民拥枪，
包括加强学校，商场等公共场合警力，或许可CCW。
亦强调枪非万能，望海外华人无论支持或是反对禁枪者，均能时时警醒，be aware of
our surroundings,不沦为暴力犯罪之牺牲。
望大家在外还是能携程一致，必竟争论之始皆为大家安全。
问：美国现在的枪支管理严格吗？
答：在人口密度较大的州（如MA... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********r
发帖数: 4612 | 5 【 以下文字转载自 WaterWorld 讨论区 】
发信人: StephenKing (金博士), 信区: WaterWorld
标 题: 在家里开枪自卫合法吗？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Dec 30 11:20:57 2012, 美东)
简单的回答是不一定。我不是学法律的，下面的信息都是网上扒来的，如有谬误，请大
家指出。
一般的刑事民事法律在美国是州法，所以不同州的具体标准不同。使用枪械自卫在不同
州大致遵循三种不同的原则：1，Duty to Retreat; 2,Castle Doctrine; 3, Stand
Your Ground.
解释一下这三种原则：
1.Duty to Retreat。 面对侵害，首先要后退回避，屋子外的可以退到屋子里，屋子里
的可以退到屋子外，只有在确实没有安全退路的情况下才可以使用枪械自卫。应用这种
原则的地方，开枪自卫者需要举证说明自己开枪前已经退却了，如果可以回避侵害没有
做而直接开枪自卫，则会被视作攻击行为。
2.Castle Doctrine。城堡法是目前应用最广泛的自卫原则，已经有31个州通过了这类
法案，大同小异。城... 阅读全帖 |
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r****9
发帖数: 4961 | 6 stand you ground rule 是说你不用retreat. 并不是说不可以retreat.
如果retreat能够避免矛盾激化，强烈建议retreat之后报警。 |
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c********n
发帖数: 7 | 7 Here's what I remember from bar review:
A majority of states (>25) do not impose a duty to retreat. You can use
deadly force whenever you reasonably believe deadly force is about to be
used on you.
A minority of states impose the duty to retreat. When it's safe to do so,
you must try to retreat first, before using deadly force.
Among those minority states, some states have the Castle exception --- you
don't have to retreat when you're in your own home. |
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t******g
发帖数: 17520 | 8 能拨电话， 那肯定是在自认为安全的前提下的， 那就是没有
immediate danger
stand your ground， 就是 castle doctrine的延伸， 比方说有个
人在panhandle 飓风过后开着RV到自己的property，防止被人loot
杀人被起诉， 就是因为RV不算家， 不能归纳到城堡法里， stand your ground 就可以
避免这类的law suit, 我的理解stand your ground， 是相对retreat 而言的， 为啥要
讨论retreat， 因为你在
retreat以后坏人还在逼近的话就可以把immediate danger 坐实， 用deadly force 就
无懈可击了， 而Stand your ground 就是在任何场合， 只要你觉得有危险就可以使用
deadly force, 不需要retreat， 也不需要在你自己的property上
citizen |
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C*******r
发帖数: 10345 | 9 俺觉得duty to retreat不合理。因为这把证明是否可以retreat的责任加在没有定罪的
人的身上。而且在这种不到一秒就要做相关生死的选择情况下，怎么思考duty to
retreat?
就比如这个案子，其实即使有duty to retreat，Zimmermann也是可以说Martin当时将
他打倒在地，又骑在他身上，使他无法安全撤退，所以开枪杀人。没有目击证人，无法
证实。
people |
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p*********e
发帖数: 32207 | 10 我查了一下纽约州的法律,好像他这个情况还不能合法用枪自卫:
http://ypdcrime.com/penal.law/article35.htm
2. A person may not use deadly physical force upon another person
under circumstances specified in subdivision one unless:
(a) The actor reasonably believes that such other person is using or
about to use deadly physical force. Even in such case, however, the
actor may not use deadly physical force if he or she knows that with
complete personal safety, to oneself and others he or she may avoid the
necess... 阅读全帖 |
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n*****w
发帖数: 1325 | 11 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
gtlq (bobo) 于 (Mon Sep 13 23:32:44 2010, 美东) 提到:
又在热播新三国演义，为什么总要把诸葛亮和周瑜描写成两个高人在斗法。他们的斗法
破绽百出，简直是比傻，而国人一千多年来却总把他们的互斗视为经典。
（1）草船借鉴。诸葛亮鲁莽的驾驶草船去曹营借箭，就算你能赌定曹操大雾天不出战
，可你凭什么赌定曹操不用带火的箭射击。通常的理解，带火的箭既有杀伤力，又能对
木制战船产生额外的破坏力。诸葛亮不担心他的草船被烧着，自己被烧死？难道后来他
能想到火攻，周瑜也能想到火攻，这个时候他和周瑜就回到石器时代了？
（2）七星坛借东风。火攻曹营乃战前最高军事机密，保密还来不及，诸葛亮居然大张
旗鼓，敲锣打鼓，在山顶借了三天东风。不怕曹军知道他们的动机吗？就算当时间谍机
构不如现在那么无孔不入，但也不至于把自己的动机弄得世人皆知。而且蔡中，蔡和两
个咋降的主儿就在东吴军中，早就可以提前通知曹军了。周瑜此时也在一边傻乎乎的翘
首企盼，当配角。
（3）周瑜想杀诸葛亮，诸葛亮也知道，而... 阅读全帖 |
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S*********g
发帖数: 24893 | 12 简单的回答是不一定。我不是学法律的，下面的信息都是网上扒来的，如有谬误，请大
家指出。
一般的刑事民事法律在美国是州法，所以不同州的具体标准不同。使用枪械自卫在不同
州大致遵循三种不同的原则：1，Duty to Retreat; 2,Castle Doctrine; 3, Stand
Your Ground.
解释一下这三种原则：
1.Duty to Retreat。 面对侵害，首先要后退回避，屋子外的可以退到屋子里，屋子里
的可以退到屋子外，只有在确实没有安全退路的情况下才可以使用枪械自卫。应用这种
原则的地方，开枪自卫者需要举证说明自己开枪前已经退却了，如果可以回避侵害没有
做而直接开枪自卫，则会被视作攻击行为。
2.Castle Doctrine。城堡法是目前应用最广泛的自卫原则，已经有31个州通过了这类
法案，大同小异。城堡法有以下几个要素：
只能在城堡范围内使用枪械（一般指住房，少数会扩展到院子，独立车库，自用车，乃
至合法使用的工作场所，暂住场所等）。入侵者上门看见你掏枪，扭头跑出去了，这时
候还开枪打他就是攻击行为；
入侵者可能造成家中主人的死亡或者严重身体伤害。人进来只... 阅读全帖 |
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t******n
发帖数: 2939 | 13 ☆─────────────────────────────────────☆
Zimmermen (芝麻人) 于 提到:
记者：我们前面说到当Trayvon看到你伸手掏手机时，说了声：You have one now，便
出拳打中你的脸部。
G-Z: 是的。
记者：根据你的陈述和重演，当时你站在东西走向的步行道上，他从南北走向的步行道
上从南向北靠近你，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：你当即向后倒下。也就是向北倒在你们俩人遭遇的T字路口，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：根据你的陈述和重演，然后，他骑在你的身上，开始痛打你，最后你拔出枪来把
他击毙，他倒在地上。是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：也就是说，整个过程都在T字路口发生。从A点开始，在A点结束。持续时间也并
不长，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：在这个案件中被认为对你最有利，也是最可信的证词来自哪位居民？
G-Z: John Good
记者：为什么？
G-Z: 因为只有他开门出来亲眼目睹我和打斗的情况，其他居民都是在枪响以后才出来
的。
记者：他开门出来就看到你俩打斗？
G-Z: 是的，因为地点就在他家后门口的步行... 阅读全帖 |
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b*******s
发帖数: 954 | 14 不好意思。我一直在打听禅修的机会。实际上从来没有去过。我做过的research里，有
下面几种meditation retreat的可能性。
(1) 我家里附近的庙里，夏天或者圣诞节的时候有精进佛七。我在边上看过。没有真正
的去过。精进佛七，看着蛮好的。七天时间，也比较合适。我猜收费也不会很贵。大概
一两百块吧。应该可以负担的起的。
(2) 还有这个班上MM推荐过的葛印卡的禅修会，是免费的。但是好像要很早报名。
http://www.dhamma.org/
(3) Insight meditation society 有短期或者长期的retreat的机会。收费太贵 （大
概要$70-$80一天），离我家也很远。住在东部麻州的朋友可以考虑。
IMS有working meditation的机会，可以一边工作，一边在那里学习和禅修。但是
working mediation的 spots 也不会很多。可能会有scholarship的机会。
但是如果有机会去那里， 我猜会受益很大。我最喜欢的老师Joseph Goldenstein和
Sharon Salzberg都在那里。
网上有Joseph ... 阅读全帖 |
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h*h
发帖数: 18873 | 15 What’s Up With That: Why Do Cats Love Boxes So Much?
By Bryan Gardiner
Take heart feline enthusiasts. Your cat’s continued indifference toward her
new Deluxe Scratch DJ Deck may be disappointing, but there is an object
that’s pretty much guaranteed to pique her interest. That object, as the
Internet has so thoroughly documented, is a box. Any box, really. Big boxes,
small boxes, irregularly shaped boxes—it doesn’t matter. Place one on the
ground, a chair, or a bookshelf and watch as Admiral ... 阅读全帖 |
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s**********e
发帖数: 33562 | 16 俺给老先生的信（前面拍马屁的部分略去，只列问题）：
1. At the beginning of the movie, we can see that, when Sergeant Zaitsev's
troop retreated from an unsuccessful attack through the ruins, the blocking
detachment used MACHINE GUNS to shoot the retreating soldiers DIRECTLY (we
can see many Red Army soldiers fell under the fires of machine guns). We
know, in your book, many details of the blocking detachments are disclosed (
e.g., Page 197). However, I have not found the evidence that the blocking
detachment used MACHINE ... 阅读全帖 |
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f**********4
发帖数: 2617 | 17 Leo去见Attila是有这么一回事，但是什么”建立自己的王国，和罗马的教廷合作“，
恕我直言，是你发明出来的。当时阿提拉正向罗马进军，leo所做的最多是劝说他停止
进军而已，根本没有要和他合作的交涉内容。实际上，有些历史学家（比如下面第二段
引文的作者Bury），根本就怀疑Leo的外交”成功“是教会自己往脸上贴近而已。下面
两段引文，你说说哪里有Leo offer Attila合作的内容。
吉本，《罗马帝国衰亡史》 第三卷 第三十五章
...The specious and artful character of Avienus 60 was admirably qualified
to conduct a negotiation either of public or private interest: his colleague
Trigetius had exercised the Praetorian praefecture of Italy; and Leo,
bishop of Rome, consented to expose his life for the safe... 阅读全帖 |
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w*********g
发帖数: 30882 | 18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_the_USNS_Card
Attack on the USNS CardFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to:
navigation, search
Attack on the USNS Card
Part of the Vietnam War
This photograph taken on May 2, 1964, showed the USNS Card in Saigon Port
after it was attacked by Viet Cong commandos.
Date May 2, 1964
Location Saigon, South Vietnam
Result Viet Cong victory.
Belligerents
Viet Cong United States
Commanders and leaders
Lam Son Nao Unknown
Units involved
65th Special Operati... 阅读全帖 |
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t**e
发帖数: 1357 | 20 简介导致特雷沃恩·马丁身亡的枪击案(shooting of Trayvon Martin)发生于2012年2
月26日，地点在美国佛罗里达州的桑福德。特雷沃恩·马丁(Trayvon Martin)是一名17
岁的非裔男孩。枪击特雷沃恩·马丁的28岁男子名为乔治·齐默曼(George Zimmerman)
。家庭种族背景复杂的齐默曼(齐默曼大致可以被归为为拉丁美洲人种)是一名封闭式社
区看守人。特雷沃恩·马丁枪击案的案发地点就特雷沃恩·马丁
特雷沃恩·马丁(3张)在这座封闭式小区里。[1]
枪击发生之前，特雷沃恩·马丁在商店买了一袋糖果和一瓶冰红茶，正在去拜访他的父
亲以及他父亲的未婚妻的路上。就在特雷沃恩·马丁进入小区后不久，乔治·齐默曼看
到了特雷沃恩·马丁并认为他行踪可疑。齐默曼随后联系了桑福德警察局，报告在小区
内有一个他自己认为行踪可疑的人。不久之后，特雷沃恩·马丁和乔治·齐默曼之间产
生了口角，随后特雷沃恩·马丁被齐默曼在近处用枪击中胸部而身亡。[1]
当警察赶到案发现场时，鼻子和脑勺都在流血的齐默曼声称他自己是出于自身防卫的考
虑而枪击了特雷沃恩·马丁的。在急诊医师(eme... 阅读全帖 |
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l******u
发帖数: 1630 | 21 Castle Doctrine
New York has a self-defense law based on the castle doctrine, but it is
considered weaker than castle doctrine laws in other states. In New York, a
duty to retreat exists in any place outside one’s home. Within the home,
the statute authorizes deadly force as long as the resident is not the
initial aggressor. Outside the home, however, persons must retreat from
attackers if they can do so safely.
不要不懂装懂。
在自己家里面，任何一个州都没有duty to retreat. |
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b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 22 Top 10 movies:
1.
http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0073488/
Oni srazhalis za rodinu (1975)
("They fought for the Motherland") - One of best Soviet military movies,
very many best Soviet famous actors played in this movie. As I remember,
this movie got "Oscar" in USA. Summer of 1942... Remainders of broken
regiment are retreating in Don region. Their regiment lost most part of men,
they fought and retreat very long time but they do not run, they retreat in
order and continue to fight when command order... 阅读全帖 |
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b********n
发帖数: 38600 | 23 Top 10 reasons why Hitler lost WWII
10 The policy to Never Retreat
Hitler as we all know lived in his fantasy world more than he did in reality
, and this was the reason why he believed that determination of his soldiers
would be honored in the battlefield, without giving much heed to the
reality. His soldiers were only commanded to move forward, but never retreat
. When he denied Frederich Paulus the permission to retreat, it resulted in
the total loss of the of 6th Panzer Army.
9 Hitler dismis... 阅读全帖 |
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a******g
发帖数: 13519 | 24 The enemy advances, we retreat,
the enemy camps, we harass the enemy tires,
we attack the enemy retreats, we pursue
--Google
Enemy advances I retreat, enemy I harass, the enemy exhausted me, the enemy
retired Chase
--Bing |
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T***u
发帖数: 1468 | 25 很多州规定公共场所有duty to retreat（多数州规定在自家不需要retreat），不能说
人少、物理低就直接开枪
不能retreat的时候可以开枪
: 这种事其实很简单分辨：比如说换个立场，是你和几个同伴一起出去，路上跟人
吵架进
: 而拉扯。然后对方人少，亮出刀子，你们并没有立刻被‘吓住’，结果对方把你
捅死了
: 。你家人会认可这是‘正当防卫’么？绝对不可能的。
: 所以说，你们这都是一厢情愿，代入太深失去了客观性。
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c********e
发帖数: 4283 | 26 OK有stand your ground law的，所以这个home owner没事。在左逼州就不一样了，
home owner即便在自己的家里，也一定要retreat, retreat and retreat, 一定要被逼
到corner，而且一定要对方不仅表现出要kill or inflict severe bodily injure，并
且有这个能力的情况下，home owner才能开枪。
law |
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t*******e
发帖数: 2113 | 27 昨天奧巴馬的講話，
我個人覺得比起他08年競選的時候關于種族的那番話要遜色多了。
最近Attorney General也是黑人Eric Holder在NAACP說的那番話也要中肯得多。
這個案子之所以牽涉到種族，是從事件發生之后奧巴馬個人的錯誤，
在弄清案件發生始末之前，他說如果我有兒子，可能就長那樣。
一個法律范疇的案件，被他拉到政治事件的陣營。
這與去年他面臨大選有很大的關系，
于是不管白人還是黑人，面對這個案件都不淡定了。
一年以后的判決結果是基于法理的判定。
判定本身是沒有問題的，有問題的是佛羅里達州的刑罰中，
正當防衛沒有要求 duty to retreat。
Eric Holder 在他的講話里談到這一點，
我覺得是案件之所以Zimmerman勝訴的主要原因。
Duty to retreat 要求被攻擊方如果有機會退回到安全地帶，
而且沒有合理理由相信對方使用殺傷性的工具或武器，
被攻擊方必須退避，放棄使用武力。
俗話說，人命大過天，在法理的范疇，
duty to retreat 就是過度自衛的一個限制。
如果這條法律在佛羅里達適用，比如在紐約，
那么Zimmerman在明... 阅读全帖 |
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c*******z
发帖数: 604 | 28 I didn't conclude that the pollution leads to glacier retreat.
I said as least Glacier retreat leads us to reflect what we did to pollute
the world.
There is no evidence again the argument that pollution leads to glacier
retreat either. |
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l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 29 On Saturday night, in London, Ont., St. Patrick’s Day revellers spilled out
onto the residential street Fleming Drive and began setting fires. When
emergency crews responded, the students — estimates have given counts of
anywhere from 300 to 1,000 – attacked the first responders with rocks and
bottles. The police and emergency crews retreated and regrouped while the
mob cheered and continued to flip cars and set fires. The riot eventually
petered out. Police have arrested 13 so far, including se... 阅读全帖 |
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l**w
发帖数: 865 | 30 This is FL stand your ground law: "A person who is not engaged in an
unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has
a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her
ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she
reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great
bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of
a forcible felony."
This means you can apply "stand your own... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z
发帖数: 29846 | 31 How Obama Betrayed America
A policy of appeasement and intervention abets our enemies.
By David Horowitz
“If we have to use force, it is because we are America. We are the
indispensable nation. We stand tall. We see farther into the future.”
— Madeleine Albright, secretary of state (1997–2001), Clinton
administration
It is a judgment on Barack Obama’s timorous, apologetic, and irresponsible
conduct of foreign affairs that Madeleine Albright’s words, spoken little
more than 15 years ago, now sou... 阅读全帖 |
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g********2
发帖数: 6571 | 32 Scientists finally figure out why the Antarctic Peninsula is melting
Scientists have been watching the Antarctic Peninsula melt for decades, but
are still just figuring out why.
The prevailing conclusion until recently had been that rising air
temperatures were causing the melt.
But it may be the water — warm water, according to research published in
this week's journal Science.
The study by researchers at Swansea University, Durham University and the
British Antarctic Survey says that warming i... 阅读全帖 |
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u**********a
发帖数: 448 | 33 Each state differs with respect to the specific instances in which the
Castle Doctrine can be invoked, and what degree of retreat or non-deadly
resistance (if any) is required before deadly force can be used.
In general, one (sometimes more) of a variety of conditions must be met
before a person can legally use the Castle Doctrine:
An intruder must be making (or have made) an attempt to unlawfully and/or
forcibly enter an occupied home, business or car.
The intruder must be acting illegally—e.g.... 阅读全帖 |
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r*****a
发帖数: 27155 | 35 Minnesota:
No duty to retreat before using deadly force to prevent a felony in one's
place of abode; no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense
in one's place of abode [20]) This isn't as clear as it appears, however.
There are four cases in Minnesota where duty of retreat was upheld. |
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B****y
发帖数: 791 | 36 Wrong. NJ law 2C:3-4: (i) The actor is not obliged to retreat from his
dwelling, unless he was the initial aggressor;
除非你是主动挑事，在自己家没有义务和必要retreat.
不看法律原文的话，可以看看wiki， NJ 属于States with a Castle Law: No duty to
retreat if in the home.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Doctrine |
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b******o
发帖数: 5644 | 37 New Jersey
Retreat required if actor knows he can avoid necessity of deadly force in
complete safety, etc. except not obliged to retreat from dwelling, unless
the initial aggressor
Castle Doctrine
New Jersey has a self-defense law based on the castle doctrine. It allows
for the use of deadly force within one’s home and wherever the person has a
right to be. Outside the home, however, victims have a duty to retreat if
they can avoid the use of deadly force in safety. |
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G******t
发帖数: 1782 | 38 看了一下我们州，貌似是中间路线，没有认同城堡法则，
也没有逃跑义务（duty to retreat)。
Washington
The statute in Washington state appears to be very simply and broadly stated
.[27]
The law allows use of deadly force in the lawful defense of oneself, a
family member, or any other person, when there is reasonable ground to
prevent action(s) of the person slain to commit a felony or to do injury or
harm, and there is imminent danger of such design being accomplished; or in
the actual resistance of an attempt to commit a felony upon ... 阅读全帖 |
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G******U
发帖数: 4211 | 39 这个不可过分解释。否则会影响紧急情况下的半下意识反应。
duty to retreat是指你可以retreat 的情况下。比如说，枪手从另一个
building过来了。保安在走廊喊指挥大家或逃或藏。这个时候你拔枪
站在走廊，能撤而不撤，迎头阻击枪手是不行的。你没有这个权利。
警察才有。警察打伤打死枪手，有DA和政府提供法律保护。
警察受伤或牺牲，有各种保险。而你什么都没有。打伤打死对方
被诉的话就很被动。
如果你和十多个同事战战兢兢地躲在一个房间。枪手踢门进来，
你有充分的理由相信他要劫持人质，杀人，比如说枪响过，
或身边同伴已经受伤，那么这个时候不存在duty to retreat的问题。
你也没有退的可能。直接打过去一点问题也没有. Yes including
the state of MD. |
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d*****h
发帖数: 1266 | 40 Castle Law (Immunity from civil lawsuit)
Typical conditions that apply to some Castle Doctrine laws include[citation
needed]:
An intruder must be making (or have made) an attempt to unlawfully or
forcibly enter an occupied residence, business or vehicle.
The intruder must be acting illegally—the Castle Doctrine does not give
the right to attack, for example, officers of the law acting in the course
of their legal duties
The occupant(s) of the home must reasonably believe that the int... 阅读全帖 |
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d*****h
发帖数: 1266 | 41 Castle Law (Immunity from civil lawsuit)
Typical conditions that apply to some Castle Doctrine laws include[citation
needed]:
An intruder must be making (or have made) an attempt to unlawfully or
forcibly enter an occupied residence, business or vehicle.
The intruder must be acting illegally—the Castle Doctrine does not give
the right to attack, for example, officers of the law acting in the course
of their legal duties
The occupant(s) of the home must reasonably believe that the int... 阅读全帖 |
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C*******r
发帖数: 10345 | 42 这个很难办，因为一方完全可以辩护说，在对方有枪（枪可及远，和有刀不同）的情况
下，无法安全retreat，也就谈不上duty to retreat. 这就是俺认为这个案子和stand
your ground与duty to retreat无关的原因。
时候 |
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d********e
发帖数: 2221 | 43 Not sure whether you are familiar with criminal law. See the provisions of
the Model Penal Code. Of course, not all states adopted the model penal
code.
According to 3.04(1), as long as YOU believe that force is immediately
necessary for the purpose of protecting yourself against the use of unlawful
force, your use of force is justified. Use of deadly force is further
limited, 3.04(2).
Defense of others is in 3.05.
Model Penal Code
§ 3.04. Use of Force in Self-Protection.
(1) Use of Force Jus... 阅读全帖 |
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M*******r
发帖数: 551 | 45 season 8, episode 1
Scene 1
Aftermath of the Night King’s attack on Eastwatch By The Sea. Tormund and
Gendry are able flee the scene. Undead Viserion sets Crows and Undead afire.
Lord Beric Dondarrion stays behind to fight the White Walkers (dies off-
screen?), but not before killing the White Walker that killed Edd. Edd is
stabbed to death by a White Walker. Tormund and Gendry ride for Winterfell,
whilst we see a burning Castle Black in the background.
Scene 2
Daenerys, Jon, Tyrion, Davos, Jora... 阅读全帖 |
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b*s
发帖数: 82482 | 46 你读书的时候难道木有retreat么？
羡慕还有retreat的，俺们就只能retreat到厕所去 |
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Z*******n
发帖数: 802 | 48 记者：我们前面说到当Trayvon看到你伸手掏手机时，说了声：You have one now，便
出拳打中你的脸部。
G-Z: 是的。
记者：根据你的陈述和重演，当时你站在东西走向的步行道上，他从南北走向的步行道
上从南向北靠近你，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：你当即向后倒下。也就是向北倒在你们俩人遭遇的T字路口，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：根据你的陈述和重演，然后，他骑在你的身上，开始痛打你，最后你拔出枪来把
他击毙，他倒在地上。是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：也就是说，整个过程都在T字路口发生。从A点开始，在A点结束。持续时间也并
不长，是吗？
G-Z: 是的。
记者：在这个案件中被认为对你最有利，也是最可信的证词来自哪位居民？
G-Z: John Good
记者：为什么？
G-Z: 因为只有他开门出来亲眼目睹我和打斗的情况，其他居民都是在枪响以后才出来
的。
记者：他开门出来就看到你俩打斗？
G-Z: 是的，因为地点就在他家后门口的步行道上。
记者：他家住址是？
G-Z: 1221 Twin Trees Ln
记者：从地图上看是步行道西面那排住宅靠北第二个门号。
G-Z:... 阅读全帖 |
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d**********r
发帖数: 24123 | 49 博导和老三请入
【 以下文字转载自 USANews 讨论区 】
发信人: gemini2012 (双子AB), 信区: USANews
标 题: 这个科学新发现对“变暖教”是祸还是福？
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jul 15 21:26:42 2016, 美东)
Scientists finally figure out why the Antarctic Peninsula is melting
Scientists have been watching the Antarctic Peninsula melt for decades, but
are still just figuring out why.
The prevailing conclusion until recently had been that rising air
temperatures were causing the melt.
But it may be the water — warm water, according to research published in
this we... 阅读全帖 |
|
