f*****h
发帖数: 4489 | 1 Level 2 _ Partial Automation
System capability: The car can steer, accelerate, and brake in certain
circumstances. • Driver involvement: Tactical maneuvers such as
responding to traffic signals or changing lanes largely fall to the driver,
as does scanning for hazards. The driver may have to keep a hand on the
wheel as a proxy for paying attention. • Examples: Audi Traffic Jam
Assist, Cadillac Super Cruise, Mercedes-Benz Driver Assistance Systems,
Tesla Autopilot, Volvo Pilot Assist.
Level 3 — Conditional Automation
Driver involvement: The driver must be available to take over at any time
所以特斯拉自动驾驶的时候你必须时刻准备接替 这比尼玛自己开还累啊
我还是等level 5出来了再买吧
https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/02/autonomous-driving-levels-0-5-
implications/
Autonomous driving systems are changing the way we think about the future of
personal transportation. How soon will we have access to vehicles that don
’t require human control? Are driverless cars just around the corner? What
will our travel be like if we’re spending a lot less time behind the wheel?
What technology actually makes autonomous driving possible? What is
autonomous driving, anyway, and what do the different levels entail?
Autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing the surrounding territory and
piloting without human input. Experiments surrounding autonomous driving
systems began in the 1920s, continued with trials in the 1950s, and reached
a critical mass in 2013, when autonomous driving was first formally defined
by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The
Administration stated that autonomous driving takes place when at least some
safety-critical control functions — such as steering, throttle, or braking
— occur without direct driver input.
Autonomous Driving Levels 0–5 Explained
Because no two automated driving technologies are exactly alike, in 2014,
the Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) International’s standard J3016
outlined 6 levels of automation for automakers, suppliers, and policymakers
to use to classify a system’s sophistication. A crucial shift occurs
between Levels 3 and 4, when the driver releases responsibility for
monitoring the driving environment to the system.
Level 0 — No Automation: This is the fully human level. It’s the same as
when your mother taught you to drive in the parking lot of the local
shopping plaza after hours. You accelerate, brake, steer, and negotiate
traffic without assistance from any technological device. A car comes at you
or a patch of black ice makes the car slide, and you alone must decide how
to react safely.
Level 1 — Driver Assistance: You’re still the driver, and you continue to
be in charge of mostly every driving function. However, you may call upon
technology like adaptive cruise control for support. Adaptive cruise control
uses lasers or radar to assess how close your car is to the car in front of
you. Then it adjusts the throttle to maintain an appropriate or preset
distance. At Level 1, a computer can control either steering or acceleration
/braking, but it is not programmed to do both at the same time. At Level 1,
you still have full responsibility to monitor road situations and assume all
driving functions if the assistance system cannot do so for any reason.
Level 2 — Partial Automation: One assistance system is automated at Level 2
. Many luxury automakers are now producing and selling Level 2 cars that can
control steering and speed simultaneously, without driver interaction for
short periods of time (under 1 minute, and, in some cases, seconds). These
cars are the ones that can stay in lanes and hit the brakes for you. The car
is able to react to warning systems, can steer, and can change how fast it
’s going, but the driver still has to be doing the driving and paying
attention to the road.
Level 3 — Conditional Automation: In Level 3 cars, you’re still needed as
a driver, but you are able to transfer safety-critical functions to the
vehicle, depending on traffic and other conditions. The system manages most
of the driving and assesses what’s going on in traffic around you. The
system cues you to intervene when it encounters a scenario it can’t
navigate, and that’s when you take over. The key point in moving from Level
2 to Level 3 autonomy is that Level 3 expects that the user only has to
intervene whenever the car is not able to handle a situation and asks for
the user to take over. (Tesla’s Autopilot is considered by many to be at
this level. Though, a more critical take is that it’s still at Level 2.)
autonomous driving
Graphic courtesy of SAE International
Level 4 — High Automation: Moving from from Levels 3 to 4 is a significant
leap. Level 4 vehicles do it all: they perform all safety-critical driving
functions and monitor all roadway conditions for the duration of the trip —
while working in operational design domain (ODD). However, you still need
to be aware while you’re traveling in the vehicle, as Level 4 does not
fulfill every driving scenario. You may have to take over driving controls
if certain road types or geographic areas require it. If you own your Level
4 vehicle, you may alternate involvement between active engagement and
system management, such as managing all driving duties on surface streets,
then becoming a passenger as the car enters a multiple lane highway.
Level 5 — Full Automation: At Level 5, the fully autonomous system is equal
to you as the driver in all vehicle functions, traffic, environmental
decision-making, and emergency situations. The car can operate on any road
and in any conditions you as a human driver could negotiate. |
