G****e
发帖数: 11198 | 1 The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for
the discovery of quasicrystals".
发现准晶
Daniel Shechtman
Born: 1941, Tel Aviv, Israel
Affiliation at the time of the award: Technion – Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel
Press Release
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
Popular Information
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
Scientific Background
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
Congratulate the New Nobel Laureate
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011 | b*y
发帖数: 289 | 2 谁来讲讲
【在 G****e 的大作中提到】
: The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for
: the discovery of quasicrystals".
: 发现准晶
: Daniel Shechtman
: Born: 1941, Tel Aviv, Israel
: Affiliation at the time of the award: Technion – Israel Institute of
: Technology, Haifa, Israel
: Press Release
: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
: Popular Information
| G****e
发帖数: 11198 | 3 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
Press Release
5 October 2011
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for 2011 to
Daniel Shechtman
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
"for the discovery of quasicrystals"
A remarkable mosaic of atoms
In quasicrystals, we find the fascinating mosaics of the Arabic world
reproduced at the level of atoms: regular patterns that never repeat
themselves. However, the configuration found in quasicrystals was considered
impossible, and Daniel Shechtman had to fight a fierce battle against
established science. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 has fundamentally
altered how chemists conceive of solid matter.
On the morning of 8 April 1982, an image counter to the laws of nature
appeared in Daniel Shechtman's electron microscope. In all solid matter,
atoms were believed to be packed inside crystals in symmetrical patterns
that were repeated periodically over and over again. For scientists, this
repetition was required in order to obtain a crystal.
Shechtman's image, however, showed that the atoms in his crystal were packed
in a pattern that could not be repeated. Such a pattern was considered just
as impossible as creating a football using only six-cornered polygons, when
a sphere needs both five- and six-cornered polygons. His discovery was
extremely controversial. In the course of defending his findings, he was
asked to leave his research group. However, his battle eventually forced
scientists to reconsider their conception of the very nature of matter.
Aperiodic mosaics, such as those found in the medieval Islamic mosaics of
the Alhambra Palace in Spain and the Darb-i Imam Shrine in Iran, have helped
scientists understand what quasicrystals look like at the atomic level. In
those mosaics, as in quasicrystals, the patterns are regular - they follow
mathematical rules - but they never repeat themselves.
When scientists describe Shechtman's quasicrystals, they use a concept that
comes from mathematics and art: the golden ratio. This number had already
caught the interest of mathematicians in Ancient Greece, as it often
appeared in geometry. In quasicrystals, for instance, the ratio of various
distances between atoms is related to the golden mean.
Following Shechtman's discovery, scientists have produced other kinds of
quasicrystals in the lab and discovered naturally occurring quasicrystals in
mineral samples from a Russian river. A Swedish company has also found
quasicrystals in a certain form of steel, where the crystals reinforce the
material like armor. Scientists are currently experimenting with using
quasicrystals in different products such as frying pans and diesel engines.
Read more about this year's prize
Information for the Public
Pdf 3 MB
Scientific Background
Pdf 1,3 MB
In order to read the text you need Acrobat Reader.
Links and Further Reading
Daniel Shechtman, Israeli citizen. Born 1941 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Ph.D. 1972
from Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Distinguished Professor, The Philip Tobias Chair, Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
http://materials.technion.ac.il/shechtman.html | m*********s
发帖数: 99 | | t*******h
发帖数: 51 | | R******0
发帖数: 112 | 6 昨天刚听完09年诺贝尔化学奖得主以色列人的报告，她的同事今天又得了11年化学奖 | n*******n
发帖数: 540 | 7 2011 chemistry prize went to physics!! | p*******y
发帖数: 1064 | 8 知道的8一下？
【在 G****e 的大作中提到】
: The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for
: the discovery of quasicrystals".
: 发现准晶
: Daniel Shechtman
: Born: 1941, Tel Aviv, Israel
: Affiliation at the time of the award: Technion – Israel Institute of
: Technology, Haifa, Israel
: Press Release
: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
: Popular Information
| w****t
发帖数: 1849 | 9 The conventional chemistry has died. Half of the prizes goes to biology,
physics and physiology. | n*****n
发帖数: 5277 | | o**********y
发帖数: 1041 | 11 当年被教育错了,说5次旋转对称在自然界不可能出现.
不过,这个发现真的似乎没有什么意义....
一直对于晶体生长理论很有兴趣...悲剧的我
【在 G****e 的大作中提到】
: The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Daniel Shechtman "for
: the discovery of quasicrystals".
: 发现准晶
: Daniel Shechtman
: Born: 1941, Tel Aviv, Israel
: Affiliation at the time of the award: Technion – Israel Institute of
: Technology, Haifa, Israel
: Press Release
: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2011
: Popular Information
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