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发帖数: 610 | 1 LP终于同意买shotgun家防。本人对枪支知识为零。求推荐相关课程。
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发帖数: 1270 | 2 Possibly the only topic to generate more arguments than politics is the
never-ending discussion of what qualifies as the “best” home-defense gun.
The truth of the matter is, no single shooting solution meets the needs of
every individual or household. Every firearm is an exercise in compromise.
Each platform has limitations to be considered carefully when making a
choice.
Many firearms can be useful for a variety of applications, such as target
shooting, hunting and concealed carry, as well as protecting your family.
However, the following discussion focuses on firearms in the primary role of
home defense. The general advantages and disadvantages of each gun type
should be considered in light of the fact that most houses and living areas
limit the defender's mobility. Remember, practical defensive shots will be
fired at very close range, i.e. contact distance, to across-the-room ranges
of 5 to 10 yards.
Gun buyers should be looking for a firearm and ammunition combination
offering an optimum level of stopping power. Overpowered guns produce
excessive amounts of recoil, noise and muzzle flash that can leave the home
defender deaf, blind and pointed in the wrong direction. More importantly,
hot rounds are more likely to pass through the intended target, travel
through thin wall or window materials and keep on going to cause unintended
damage to others. At the other end of the spectrum, underpowered guns will
not stop the threat effectively.
Dealing with the concerns of overpenetration or underpowered defense options
is one of the reasons civilians are often encouraged to examine law
enforcement agency practices. A police officer and a home defender have the
same goals in mind, namely, to stop a threat quickly without causing
unintended collateral damage. So don’t be too surprised when some of the
gun choices listed here look like they came out of a precinct inventory.
Plenty of affordable rifles and handguns are available chambered in .22 Long
Rifle. However, they should be avoided for home-defense. The .22 round
produces low levels of stopping power, allowing an assailant to continue
doing harm long after he or she has been struck by the bullet. Rimfire guns
like the .22 are more likely to jam or fail to fire due to faulty primers
than center-fire shotgun, rifle or handgun cartridges. The .22s are terrific
for plinking, small-game hunting and practice but they have no place in a
home-defense lineup.
Shotguns
The primary difference between shotguns intended for outdoor sports and
those for self-defense is the barrel length. Combat shotguns—sometimes
called riot guns, are typically fitted with short barrels between 18.5 to 20
inches in length. Some combat models offer an extended magazine capacity,
or a specialized sighting system, but they are usually the same as sporting
shotguns in other respects.
The common types of combat shotgun include pump-actions, semi-automatics and
occasionally break-actions. The pump-action, or slide-action, requires the
shooter to pull the forearm back toward the receiver and then push it
forward again to chamber a fresh round from the magazine. Pumps are
plentiful, relatively inexpensive and mechanically reliable. Semi-automatics
chamber a fresh round with each pull of the trigger until the magazine is
empty. Semi-autos can fire shots more quickly and accurately, but they are
more expensive to buy. Break-actions are hinged to allow the base of the gun
's single or double barrel to swing away from the receiver to remove spent
shells and load fresh ones manually. Break-actions are reliable and simple
to operate, but they only offer a one or two-shot capacity.
The 12-gauge combat shotgun has been called the most effective anti-
personnel firearm invented. The saturation effect of buckshot and, at close
range, birdshot is simply devastating to soft tissue. The result is a high
degree of stopping power. However, the felt recoil produced by the 12-gauge
is intense, often too intense for small-framed shooters. The shoulder-
bruising effects of the shotgun can be reduced by switching to low-recoil
ammunition or by using a 20-gauge instead.
Shotguns have a low ammunition capacity, usually 4+1 in the chamber,
compared to most tactical rifles and semi-automatic handguns. They are
relatively slow to reload, requiring rounds to be fed into the chamber or
magazine one at a time. Also, their length and weight can make them
difficult to maneuver in tight spaces.
It's important to take a moment here to dispel some of the Hollywood
mythology that surrounds these potent firearms. A strike from a shotgun
shell will not send an assailant flying across the room. Shotguns are not
magic wands that launch beach-ball sized orbs of destruction. Holding a
shotgun at hip level and spraying lead in the general direction of a threat
is a bad idea for two important reasons. First, shot patterns remain small
at home-defense distances. This means un-aimed shots are just as likely to
miss the threat as those fired by any other defensive firearm. Secondly,
although a cluster of shot pellets is unlikely to overpenetrate the human
body, the said cluster can pass through walls with plenty of energy left to
do harm beyond the intended target.
Movies and television shows have glamorized pistol grip only shotguns. None
of the professional instructors I’ve worked with recommend this
configuration for home protection. Removing the shoulder stock makes a
shotgun shorter and easier to move with, but they are not practical
defensive tools since they’re nearly impossible to aim properly. Leave the
pistol grip only shotguns to the SWAT teams for breeching doorways, and
install a traditional or six-position stock on yours.
Rifles
Although bolt-action hunting rifles may be ideal for taking large game, they
make a poor choice for home-defense. These rifles are slow to load, slow to
fire, and the high-power cartridges they shoot produce excessive muzzle
flash, noise, recoil and are very likely to overpenetrate the target. If you
want a rifle for home-defense, then consider a tactical semi-auto or pistol
-caliber carbine.
In the last few years, the popularity of tactical rifles, also called modern
sporting rifles, has skyrocketed. The most popular seem to be those based
on the AR-15 design. Other examples of this breed include the AK-47, M1
Carbine and Ruger Mini-14. These rifles are light, easy to shoot, produce
low levels of recoil and provide plenty of ammunition.
Rifles are powerful defensive firearms with some models offering stopping
power similar to a shotgun, but without as much recoil. For home defenders
who live in rural areas, rifles can provide the added range and accuracy
needed to deal with pests of the four-legged variety. Like the shotgun, a
rifle's length may make it difficult to maneuver in tight spaces. The other
drawback to tactical rifles is the high price tag. In some cases, you can
buy two or three defensive shotguns for the price of one tactical rifle.
Another good choice for home defense is a pistol-caliber carbine. Compact
lever-action rifles, chambered for revolver cartridges like .357 Mag. and .
45 Colt, have been protecting people’s interests for quite some time. Lever
guns usually hold several rounds in their magazines but fresh cartridges
have to be loaded one at a time, much like a shotgun. Some manufacturers
offer semi-auto carbines that accept handgun magazines in popular defensive
pistol calibers. These rifles can offer ammunition and magazine
compatibility with a handgun you already own, and the longer barrels
increase the velocity of the load.
Handguns
Handguns continue to be among the most regularly purchased home-defense
firearms for several reasons. They are the easy to maneuver in confined
spaces, and they can be held and fired with one hand, leaving the other hand
free to operate a flashlight, open doors and so on. They can be held close
to the body to help prevent them from being grabbed or knocked away by an
intruder. A handgun's compact size allows it to be stored in a small space,
like a strong box in a dresser drawer. The market is currently replete with
excellent defensive handgun options.
The two most common types of defensive handguns are double-action revolvers
and semi-automatic pistols. Double-action revolvers have a cylinder that
swings out to one side for loading and unloading and usually have a five- to
six-round capacity. Revolvers are easy to learn to operate and very
reliable. They do not have buttons, levers or switches. Just pull the
trigger and the gun fires. Defensive revolvers are most often found
chambered in .38 Spl. and .357 Mag. Loading a revolver with .38 Spl. +P
ammunition can increase the revolver’s stopping power without the flash and
recoil associated with .357 Mag. loads. A 3- to 4-inch barrel is usually
recommended for use in the home.
Semi-automatic pistols use a box magazine to load the ammunition. These
pistols can be more complicated to operate but they have a lighter trigger
pull, hold more ammunition and can be reloaded more quickly than a revolver.
Some of the most commonly available semi-automatic pistol cartridges for
defense include the 9mm Luger, .45 ACP and .40 S&W. Full-size, also known
as duty-size, pistols offer larger magazine capacities and longer grips for
more comfortable practice than the compact and sub-compact pistols favored
for legal concealed carry.
Although handguns are useful for home-defense, they are, on the whole, weak
stoppers when compared to rifles and shotguns. The rule of thumb when
selecting a defensive handgun is to choose the most powerful cartridge you
can comfortably handle. The exception to this rule is the high-power hunting
handgun calibers like .44 Mag., .454 Casull and .500 S&W, which should be
avoided. Just like a hunting rifle, the flash and report of these cartridges
will leave home defenders deaf and blind when they need their senses the
most, and the bullet is very likely to overpenetrate the target.
Choose Carefully
Selecting a firearm for home-defense is a process that should include
careful research and forethought. Do your homework. Go to the range and test
fire the guns you’re interested in before you buy. Trust your instincts
when you identify the firearm that’s the best fit for your needs, even if
the gun geek behind the counter doesn’t agree.
In our turn-key solution society, we sometimes look to our equipment to
solve our problems and do the hard work for us. No amount of money invested
in flashy guns and high-grade ammunition will ever compensate for a failure
to invest in your understanding of defensive shooting. The budget for a home
protection firearm should include funds for practice at the range,
educational books and videos and live training with a professional
instructor. The self-defense tools you have between your ears will always be
more important than which gun you have in your hands. |
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