H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 1 https://www.technologynetworks.com/applied-sciences/news/from-poop-to-paper-
298888
It’s likely not the first thing you think of when you see elephant dung,
but this material turns out to be an excellent source of cellulose for paper
manufacturing in countries where trees are scarce, scientists report. And
in regions with plenty of farm animals such as cows, upcycling manure into
paper products could be a cheap and environmentally sound method to get rid
of this pervasive agricultural waste.
The researchers are presenting their results today at the 255th National
Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS, the world
’s largest scientific society, is holding the meeting here through Thursday
. It features more than 13,000 presentations on a wide range of science
topics.
The idea for the project germinated on Crete, where Alexander Bismarck, Ph.D
., noticed goats munching on summer-dry grass in the small village where he
was vacationing. “I realized what comes out in the end is partially
digested plant matter, so there must be cellulose in there,” he recalls.
“Animals eat low-grade biomass containing cellulose, chew it and expose it
to enzymes and acid in their stomach, and then produce manure. Depending on
the animal, up to 40 percent of that manure is cellulose, which is then
easily accessible,” Bismarck says. So, much less energy and fewer chemical
treatments should be needed to turn this partially digested material into
cellulose nanofibers, relative to starting with raw wood, he conjectured.
After working with goat manure, Bismarck, who is at the University of Vienna
, Austria, his postdoc Andreas Mautner, Ph.D., and graduate students Nurul
Ain Kamal and Kathrin Weiland moved on to dung from horses, cows and
eventually elephants. The supply of raw material is substantial: Parks in
Africa that are home to hundreds of elephants produce tons of dung every day
, and enormous cattle farms in the U.S. and Europe yield mountains of manure
, according to Mautner.
The researchers treat the manure with a sodium hydroxide solution. This
partially removes lignin — which can be used later as a fertilizer or fuel
— as well as other impurities, including proteins and dead cells. To fully
remove lignin and to produce white pulp for making paper, the material has
to be bleached with sodium hypochlorite. The purified cellulose requires
little if any grinding to break it down into nanofibers in preparation for
use in paper, in contrast to conventional methods.
“You need a lot of energy to grind wood down to make nanocellulose,”
Mautner says. But with manure as a starting material, “you can reduce the
number of steps you need to perform, simply because the animal already
chewed the plant and attacked it with acid and enzymes. You inexpensively
produce a nanocellulose that has the same or even better properties than
nanocellulose from wood, with lower energy and chemical consumption,” he
says.
The dung-derived nanopaper could be used in many applications, including as
reinforcement for polymer composites or filters that can clean wastewater
before it’s discharged into the environment, Bismarck says. His team is
working with an industrial consortium to further explore these possibilities
. The nanopaper could also be used to write on, he says.
The researchers are also investigating whether the process can be made even
more sustainable, by first producing biogas from manure and then extracting
cellulose fibers from the residue. Biogas, which is mostly methane and
carbon dioxide, can then be used as a fuel for generating electricity or
heat.
This article has been republished from materials provided by the American
Chemical Society. Note: material may have been edited for length and content
. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Reference
Presented at the 255th National Meeting & Exposition of the American
Chemical Society (ACS). | H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 2 摘要 ： 取大象粪 用氢氧化钠泡一次 再用漂白水泡一次 得纤维素 可造纸 同
时两次浸泡的副产物可做肥料 由于非洲某些地区日产吨级象粪 本发明将解决该地区
可再生造纸的问题
paper-
paper
rid
world
【在 H********g 的大作中提到】
: https://www.technologynetworks.com/applied-sciences/news/from-poop-to-paper-
: 298888
: It’s likely not the first thing you think of when you see elephant dung,
: but this material turns out to be an excellent source of cellulose for paper
: manufacturing in countries where trees are scarce, scientists report. And
: in regions with plenty of farm animals such as cows, upcycling manure into
: paper products could be a cheap and environmentally sound method to get rid
: of this pervasive agricultural waste.
: The researchers are presenting their results today at the 255th National
: Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS, the world
| f*******y
发帖数: 8358 | 3 只要有有纤维就可以造纸。这没什么难的。问题是到哪里去搞那么多大象屎。
: 摘要 ： 取大象粪 用氢氧化钠泡一次 再用漂白水泡一次 得纤维素 可造
纸 同
: 时两次浸泡的副产物可做肥料 由于非洲某些地区日产吨级象粪 本发明将解决
该地区
: 可再生造纸的问题
: paper-
: paper
: rid
: world
【在 H********g 的大作中提到】
: 摘要 ： 取大象粪 用氢氧化钠泡一次 再用漂白水泡一次 得纤维素 可造纸 同
: 时两次浸泡的副产物可做肥料 由于非洲某些地区日产吨级象粪 本发明将解决该地区
: 可再生造纸的问题
:
: paper-
: paper
: rid
: world
| d****o
发帖数: 32610 | 4 这个我怎么记得小时候就看过
【在 H********g 的大作中提到】
: 摘要 ： 取大象粪 用氢氧化钠泡一次 再用漂白水泡一次 得纤维素 可造纸 同
: 时两次浸泡的副产物可做肥料 由于非洲某些地区日产吨级象粪 本发明将解决该地区
: 可再生造纸的问题
:
: paper-
: paper
: rid
: world
| m********n
发帖数: 3812 | 5 i heard panda cannot digest the fibers in bamboo?
maybe good for making paper? | H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 6 可以直接抽出来做牙签
【在 m********n 的大作中提到】
: i heard panda cannot digest the fibers in bamboo?
: maybe good for making paper?
| B****s
发帖数: 796 | 7 熊猫粪便纸早就有了，还挺高档
【在 m********n 的大作中提到】
: i heard panda cannot digest the fibers in bamboo?
: maybe good for making paper?
| H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 8 熊猫大便做的卫生纸四川投产：售价高昂擦嘴酸爽(组图) | www ... - 文学城
www.wenxuecity.com › 新闻 › 焦点新闻
Translate this page
Dec 19, 2017 - 据了解，造纸企业将熊猫的食物残渣、分辨回收利用后，通过洗选、
蒸煮、高温消毒等环节提炼里出植物纤维，来生产熊猫纸。 据大熊猫保护研究中心相
关负责人介绍，一般来说，一只成年大熊猫，每天会食用12-15公斤竹子，经过熊猫消
化后，这些食物会变成超过10公斤的粪便。熊猫粪便被称为“青团”，稍微干燥后，就
会 ...
【在 B****s 的大作中提到】
: 熊猫粪便纸早就有了，还挺高档
| c********h
发帖数: 7827 | 9 氢氧化钠+漂白水浇地会不会变成盐碱地？
【在 H********g 的大作中提到】
: 摘要 ： 取大象粪 用氢氧化钠泡一次 再用漂白水泡一次 得纤维素 可造纸 同
: 时两次浸泡的副产物可做肥料 由于非洲某些地区日产吨级象粪 本发明将解决该地区
: 可再生造纸的问题
:
: paper-
: paper
: rid
: world
| g*q
发帖数: 26623 | 10 因为那时候有一种纸叫马粪纸
【在 d****o 的大作中提到】
: 这个我怎么记得小时候就看过
| | | g*q
发帖数: 26623 | 11 青团？LOL
【在 H********g 的大作中提到】
: 熊猫大便做的卫生纸四川投产：售价高昂擦嘴酸爽(组图) | www ... - 文学城
: www.wenxuecity.com › 新闻 › 焦点新闻
: Translate this page
: Dec 19, 2017 - 据了解，造纸企业将熊猫的食物残渣、分辨回收利用后，通过洗选、
: 蒸煮、高温消毒等环节提炼里出植物纤维，来生产熊猫纸。 据大熊猫保护研究中心相
: 关负责人介绍，一般来说，一只成年大熊猫，每天会食用12-15公斤竹子，经过熊猫消
: 化后，这些食物会变成超过10公斤的粪便。熊猫粪便被称为“青团”，稍微干燥后，就
: 会 ...
| v*********n
发帖数: 3983 | 12 你以为几亿年地球上的粪便和尸体都去哪里了？不都是直接或间接转化成人类的粮食了
嘛。。。 | H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 13 那才是可持续的办法 拿氢氧化钠和漂白水把全世界的粪都泡一遍 生物圈没两年就
得垮
【在 v*********n 的大作中提到】
: 你以为几亿年地球上的粪便和尸体都去哪里了？不都是直接或间接转化成人类的粮食了
: 嘛。。。
| H********g
发帖数: 43926 | 14 像是一种林黛玉会吃的美食
【在 g*q 的大作中提到】
: 青团？LOL
| h****o
发帖数: 2836 | |
|
