C*********X
发帖数: 10518 | 1 1. The Profession of Faith—The Shahada
The Profession of Faith, the shahada, is the most fundamental expression of
Islamic beliefs. It simply states that “There is no God but God and
Muhammad is his prophet.” It underscores the monotheistic nature of Islam.
It is an extremely popular phrase in Arabic calligraphy and appears in
numerous manuscripts and religious buildings.
2. Daily Prayers—Salat
Muslims are expected to pray five times a day. This does not mean that they
need to attend a mosque to pray; rather, the salat, or the daily prayer,
should be recited five times a day. Muslims can pray anywhere; however, they
are meant to pray towards Mecca. The faithful pray by bowing several times
while standing and then kneeling and touching the ground or prayer mat with
their foreheads, as a symbol of their reverence and submission to Allah. On
Friday, many Muslims attend a mosque near midday to pray and to listen to a
sermon, khutba.
3. Alms-Giving—Zakat
The giving of alms is the third pillar. Although not defined in the Qu’ran,
Muslims believe that they are meant to share their wealth with those less
fortunate in their community of believers.
4. Fasting during Ramadan—Saum
During the holy month of Ramadan, the ninth month in the Islamic calendar,
Muslims are expected to fast from dawn to dusk. While there are exceptions
made for the sick, elderly, and pregnant, all are expected to refrain from
eating and drinking during daylight hours.Hundreds throng around the Kaaba
at the start of Hajj (photo: Al Jazeera English, CC BY-SA 2.0)
Hundreds throng around the Kaaba at the start of Hajj (photo: Al Jazeera
English, CC BY-SA 2.0)
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca—Hajj
All Muslims who are able are required to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and
the surrounding holy sites at least once in their lives. Pilgrimage focuses
on visiting the Kaaba and walking around it seven times. Pilgrimage occurs
in the 12th month of the Islamic Calendar. | C*********X
发帖数: 10518 | 2 宗教为什么存在？
非常同意罗素的观点：it is useful but not the truth.
人们总是将真理（truth) 与the conception of human nature 混在一起。
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【在 C*********X 的大作中提到】
: 1. The Profession of Faith—The Shahada
: The Profession of Faith, the shahada, is the most fundamental expression of
: Islamic beliefs. It simply states that “There is no God but God and
: Muhammad is his prophet.” It underscores the monotheistic nature of Islam.
: It is an extremely popular phrase in Arabic calligraphy and appears in
: numerous manuscripts and religious buildings.
: 2. Daily Prayers—Salat
: Muslims are expected to pray five times a day. This does not mean that they
: need to attend a mosque to pray; rather, the salat, or the daily prayer,
: should be recited five times a day. Muslims can pray anywhere; however, they
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