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Military版 - 小将说,英联邦承认过西藏独立
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话题: tibet话题: china话题: chinese话题: 西藏话题: britain
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1 (共1页)
c***n
发帖数: 2232
1
哈哈,舔共不遗余力啊。
c***n
发帖数: 2232
2
小将站出来,舔啊舔。
m**********n
发帖数: 27535
3
你还是先去补补历史再来丢人吧
c***n
发帖数: 2232
4
哟,历史学家说说,英联邦何时承认过西藏独立?

【在 m**********n 的大作中提到】
: 你还是先去补补历史再来丢人吧
n*******n
发帖数: 7628
5
帝国主义是怎样阴谋策划西藏独立的呢?
在20世纪初的藏语词汇中还没有“独立”这个词。 1840年英帝国主义发动侵略中
国的鸦片战争后,中国开始由一个独立的主权国家逐步沦为半殖民地国家。帝国主义势
力乘清朝中央政府的虚弱,开始阴谋瓜分包括西藏在内的中国领土。为了把西藏纳入英
国的势力范围,1888年、1903年,英国侵略者发动了两次侵略中国西藏的战争。西藏军
民奋起抵抗但遭失败。在第二次侵藏战争中,英军一度攻占了拉萨,十三世达赖喇嘛被
迫出走,侵略者迫使西藏地方政府官员签订了《拉萨条约》。但由于清朝政府外务部认
为《拉萨条约》有损主权,清朝驻藏大臣不予签字,条约无效。帝国主义靠直接军事侵
略没有达到完全控制西藏的目的之后,就变换手法,开始策划把西藏从中国分裂出去的
活动。 1907年8月31日,英、俄帝国签订了《英俄同盟条约》,其中把中国在西藏的主
权改称为“宗主权”。这是在国际文件中第一次把中国对西藏地方的主权篡改为“宗主
权”。
1911年,中国辛亥革命爆发。次年,英国利用清朝灭亡,民国初建,中国国内政局
混乱之机,向中国外交部提出了否定中国对西藏主权的“五条”。在遭中国政府拒绝后
,英国封闭了由印度进入西藏的一切道路。 1913年,英政府又煽动西藏当局宣布独立
,提出“西藏完全独立后,一切军械由英国接济”;“西藏承认英国派员来藏监督财政
军事,以作英国扶助西藏独立报酬”;“民国军队行抵西藏,英国担负抵御之责”;“
西藏执行开放主义,准英人自由行动”(摘自朱绣著《西藏六十年大事记》)。但英国的
图谋未能得逞。
1913年,英国政府利用篡夺了中华民国大总统职位的袁世凯迫切要求得到各国外交
承认和得到国际借款的心理,迫使北京政府参加英国政府提出的中、英、藏三方会议,
即“西姆拉会议”。会前,英印政府派驻锡金政治专员柏尔单独会晤西藏地方政府参加
会议的代表夏扎伦青,向他鼓吹“宗主权”具有“独立”的含义。柏尔在其所著《西藏
之过去与现在》一书中自述:“当吾遇夏扎伦青于江孜时,吾劝其搜集所有关于昔日中
藏交涉以及陆续为中国占领而西藏现今要求归还之各州县等项之文牍,携之赴会。”经
过英国的唆使,西藏代表首次提出了“西藏独立”的口号,并提出“西藏疆域包括青海
、理塘、巴塘等处并及打箭炉”等要求,当即遭到中国政府代表的拒绝。这时,英国代
表按事先策划,提出了所谓的“折中”方案,把中国藏族居住的所有地区划分为“内藏
”、“外藏”两部分,“内藏”包括青海、甘肃、四川、云南等省的藏族居住地区,由
中国政府直接管辖;“外藏”包括西藏和西康西部地区,要求中国政府“承认外藏自治
”,“不干涉其内政”,“但中国仍派大臣驻拉萨,护卫部队限三百人”。这个“折中
” 方案的实质,是把中国在西藏地方的主权篡改为所谓“宗主权”,使西藏在“自治
”的名义下,脱离中国政府的管辖。如此无理的要求,当然遭到了全中国人民的强烈反
对。1914年7月3日,中国政府代表陈贻范奉国内训示,拒绝在所谓“西姆拉条约”上签
字,并且发表声明:“凡英国和西藏本日或他日所签订的条约或类似的文件,中国政府
一概不能承认。”中国政府同时将此立场照会英国政府。会议遂以破裂告终。
1942年夏,西藏地方政府在英国代表的支持下突然宣布成立“外交局”,公开进行
“西藏独立”活动。消息传出,遭到全国人民的同声谴责,国民政府也发出严正警告,
西藏地方政府迫于压力,不得不向国民政府报告改变原议。1947年3月在新德里举行“
泛亚洲会议”,英帝国主义幕后策划邀请西藏派代表参加,在会场上悬挂的亚洲地图和
万国旗中,把西藏作为一个独立国家对待。经中国代表团提出严重抗议后,会议组织者
不得不改正。
1949年底前后,美国人劳尔·汤姆斯以“无线电评论员”名义在西藏探索“华盛顿
给西藏以可能的援助”,并在美报刊上报道:“美国已准备承认西藏为独立自由”的国
家。1950年上半年,一批美国枪支弹药经由加尔各答运入西藏,用以对抗中国解放军进
藏,同年11月1日,美国国务卿艾奇逊公开诬蔑中国解放本国领土西藏的行动是“侵略
”。同月,美国指使他国在联合国提出干涉中国西藏的提案。由于中国政府的严正立场
和一些国家的反对,这个阴谋没有得逞。100多年来的历史事实清楚地说明,所谓“西
藏独立”完全是新老帝国主义者出于攫取西藏的野心而挑动起来的。十四世达赖喇嘛早
年曾指出:“帝国主义利用西藏人民反对满清和国民党反动政府的情绪,进行各种诱骗
和挑拨,企图使西藏人民脱离祖国而处于他们的压迫和奴役之下。”
(摘选自中国政府白皮书《西藏的主权归属与人权状况》)

【在 c***n 的大作中提到】
: 哈哈,舔共不遗余力啊。
c***n
发帖数: 2232
6
给个痛快话,英联邦哪年哪月哪日承认的西藏独立。

【在 n*******n 的大作中提到】
: 帝国主义是怎样阴谋策划西藏独立的呢?
: 在20世纪初的藏语词汇中还没有“独立”这个词。 1840年英帝国主义发动侵略中
: 国的鸦片战争后,中国开始由一个独立的主权国家逐步沦为半殖民地国家。帝国主义势
: 力乘清朝中央政府的虚弱,开始阴谋瓜分包括西藏在内的中国领土。为了把西藏纳入英
: 国的势力范围,1888年、1903年,英国侵略者发动了两次侵略中国西藏的战争。西藏军
: 民奋起抵抗但遭失败。在第二次侵藏战争中,英军一度攻占了拉萨,十三世达赖喇嘛被
: 迫出走,侵略者迫使西藏地方政府官员签订了《拉萨条约》。但由于清朝政府外务部认
: 为《拉萨条约》有损主权,清朝驻藏大臣不予签字,条约无效。帝国主义靠直接军事侵
: 略没有达到完全控制西藏的目的之后,就变换手法,开始策划把西藏从中国分裂出去的
: 活动。 1907年8月31日,英、俄帝国签订了《英俄同盟条约》,其中把中国在西藏的主

c***n
发帖数: 2232
7
小将呢?怎么哑巴啦?接着舔呐?
c***n
发帖数: 2232
8
小将呢?过来排队呀?
s******r
发帖数: 471
9
有些人真是闲得没事啊
c***n
发帖数: 2232
10
小将尿遁啦?
i*****y
发帖数: 3449
11
英国2008年才承认中国对西藏的主权。之前之承认宗主权
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/3385803/UK-recognises-Chinas-direct-rule-over-Tibet.html
UK recognises China's direct rule over Tibet
The British Government has been accused of undermining the Dalai Lama in
negotiations with China by recognising Beijing's direct rule over Tibet for
the first time.
Foreign Secretary David Miliband said: "Like every other EU member state,
and the United States, we regard Tibet as part of the People's Republic of
China." Photo: AP
A historic change of position to recognise Chinese sovereignty was announced
in a little-noticed parliamentary statement by the Foreign Secretary David
Miliband.
It will be regarded as a major triumph by Beijing, especially in the wake of
worldwide condemnation of its suppression of anti-China protests and
violence in Tibet this spring.
Mr Miliband gave his strong backing to talks between the Chinese Communist
Party and envoys of the Dalai Lama, the latest round of which has finished
in Beijing.
He also backed the Dalai Lama's call for autonomy, rather than independence,
for his homeland as a basis for agreement.
But in the last two paragraphs of his statement he referred to a historic
agreement dating back almost a century which acknowledged Chinese interest
in Tibet but asserted that Tibet had never been fully part of the country.
He described it as an "anachronism" and added: "Like every other EU member
state, and the United States, we regard Tibet as part of the People's
Republic of China."
The change in position is being attacked by a growing coalition of academics
, Tibet support groups and the Tibet government-in-exile itself.
Thubten Samphel, the government-in-exile's spokesman, said it was "greatly
disappointed". "For the British Government to change its position at this
stage to us seems counter-productive," he said.
Britain's position derives from its colonial history – a reason why
ministers and the Tibetan movement itself have rarely emphasised it.
The Simla accords of 1913 set the boundary between Tibet and British-ruled
India.
They reflected the fact that Tibet had fallen within first the Mongolian and
then the Chinese military orbit in previous centuries but had mostly
governed itself. Britain was said to recognise Chinese "suzerainty" but not
"sovereignty" over the region.
While the distinction might be obscure, it meant there was a basis in
international law, backed by a permanent UN Security Council member, for
Tibet to be recognised as distinct from other "provinces" of China.
Mr Miliband said this distinction, and the whole idea of "suzerainty" was
outdated.
"Some have used this to cast doubt on the aims we are pursuing and to claim
that we are denying Chinese sovereignty over a large part of its own
territory," he said.
He was supported by Lord Patten, the last British governor of Hong Kong. He
told the Foreign Correspondents Club of China at the weekend that the
position was a "quaint eccentricity".
But the Free Tibet Campaign and the International Campaign for Tibet fear
the change has cut the ground from under the Dalai Lama's feet.
The ICT called the sudden change "baffling and unfortunate". The Free Tibet
Campaign said the Government was "rewriting history".
The timing could not be more sensitive. Many of the issues being discussed
between Beijing and the Dalai Lama's representatives, such as the boundaries
of Tibet and the extent to which it is allowed to handle its own affairs,
are exactly the same as those addressed by the Simla accords.
Most strikingly, Britain's position in the accords, repeated since, was that
its recognition of Chinese "suzerainty" was dependent on China granting
Tibet political autonomy.
Robbie Barnett, a British historian of Tibet at Columbia University in New
York, said that Mr Miliband's statement stressed Britain's concern for human
rights in Tibet but gave away the only leverage the outside world had to
influence events there.
"This is more than a bargaining chip," he said. "This is the entire legal
and political foundation for these talks."
The Foreign Office insists that there has been no change in policy, and that
Mr Miliband was merely "clarifying" its current position.
A spokesman refused to be drawn on whether Britain had been offered or asked
for anything in return for its concession to Beijing.
She confirmed that the Chinese were “glad” when informed by the British
Ambassador to China, Sir William Ehrman, but added: “We did not give in to
Chinese pressure. China was not pushing us on this.”
Stephanie Brigden, director of the Free Tibet Campaign, said Britain had
given away a bargaining chip in return for absolutely nothing.
”It’s extraordinary that Britain has rewarded China in such a way in the
very year that China has committed some of the worst human rights abuses in
Tibet in decades, including torture and killings,” she said.
1 (共1页)
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总结篇--------读Mark A. Jones 和藏独辩论有感达赖下台了ZZ AP
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开枪了?合力做几件有意义的事情吧
国新办:所谓大藏区纯属虚构【征集】10 questions to ask Dalai Lama
谁来批一下:中、印“麦克马洪线”的产生及后来的纠纷两篇关于西藏的文章
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话题: tibet话题: china话题: chinese话题: 西藏话题: britain