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发帖数: 901 | 1 David Cameron on Wednesday became the first serving British prime minister
to voice regret about one of the bloodiest episodes in colonial India, a
massacre of unarmed civilians in the city of Amritsar in 1919.
The killings, known in India as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, were
described by Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Indian independence movement,
as having shaken the foundations of the British Empire. A group of soldiers
opened fire on an unarmed crowd without warning in the northern Indian city
after a period of unrest, killing hundreds in cold blood.
Cameron's visit and expression of regret for what happened stopped short of
an apology - but made it clear he considers the episode a stain on Britain's
past.
Dressed in a dark suit, Cameron laid a wreath at a memorial to the massacre,
a terracotta-colored stone obelisk. He then stood in front of the monument
in silence for a few moments.
"This is a deeply shameful event in British history, one that Winston
Churchill rightly described at the time as 'monstrous'," Cameron wrote in a
visitor book, referring to the former British leader.
The gesture, coming on the third and final day of a visit to India aimed at
drumming up trade and investment, is seen as an attempt to improve relations
with Britain's former colonial possession and to court around 1.5 million
British voters of Indian origin ahead of a 2015 election.
Before his visit, Cameron said there were ties of history between the two
countries, "both the good and the bad".
"In Amritsar, I want to take the opportunity to pay my respects at
Jallianwala Bagh," he had said ahead of the visit. Cameron also visited
Amritsar's Golden Temple, Sikhism's holiest shrine.
The British report into the Amritsar massacre at the time said 379 people
had been killed and 1,200 wounded. But a separate inquiry commissioned by
the Indian pro-independence movement said around 1,000 people had been
killed in the city in Punjab.
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, the man who gave the order to fire,
explained his decision by saying he felt it was necessary to "teach a moral
lesson to the Punjab".
Some in Britain hailed him "as the man who saved India", but others
condemned him. India became independent in 1947.
Many historians consider the massacre a turning point that undermined
British rule of India. It was, they say, one of the moments that caused
Gandhi and the pro-independence Indian National Congress movement to lose
trust in the British, inspiring them to embark on a path of civil
disobedience.
"MONSTROUS EVENT"
Other British politicians and dignitaries - though no serving prime minister
- have expressed regret about the incident before.
In 1920, Winston Churchill, then the Secretary of State for War, called the
Amritsar massacre "a monstrous event", saying it was "not the British way of
doing business".
On a visit to Amritsar in 1997, Queen Elizabeth called it a distressing
episode, but said history could not be rewritten. However, her husband,
Prince Philip, courted controversy during the visit when he questioned the
higher Indian death toll.
Before he became prime minister, Tony Blair also visited, saying the
memorial at Amritsar was a reminder of "the worst aspects of colonialism".
In recent years, British leaders have begun to apologize for some of the
excesses of the empire.
Visiting Pakistan in 2011, Cameron angered traditionalists at home saying
Britain had caused many of the world's problems, including the Kashmir
conflict between India and Pakistan.
When in office, Blair apologized for the 19th century Irish potato famine
and for Britain's involvement in the slave trade, while Gordon Brown, his
successor, apologized for the fact that British children were shipped to
Australia and other Commonwealth countries between the 1920s and 1960s.
India's colonial history remains a sensitive subject for many Indians,
particularly nationalists who want Britain to recognize and apologize for
its excesses.
Sunil Kapoor, 36, whose great-grandfather was killed in the massacre, said
he was pleased Cameron had come but said he would have liked a formal
apology - feelings echoed by some Indians on Twitter.
"We have been waiting for justice from the British and Indian government for
94 years," said Kapoor. "If they think it's shameful, why shouldn't they
apologize?." He said he was disappointed that Cameron had not met some of
the descendants of those killed who had come to talk to him.
Cameron has said the two countries enjoy a "special relationship", a term
usually reserved for Britain's relations with the United States.
For now, Britain's economy is the sixth largest in the world and India's the
10th. But India is forecast to overtake its old colonial master in the
decades ahead and London wants to share in that economic success. | s*********8
发帖数: 901 | 2 massacres in India must have killed millions. This article says "hundreds in
cold blood". |
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