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Military版 - 顶尖科学杂志Science 论文,聚焦中国网络五毛行为
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话题: chinese话题: censorship话题: media话题: censored话题: social
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1 (共1页)
w********t
发帖数: 12853
1
Science 22 August 2014:
Vol. 345 no. 6199
DOI: 10.1126/science.1251722
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and
participant observation
Gary King1,*, Jennifer Pan1, Margaret E. Roberts2
+ Author Affiliations
1Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA 02138, USA.
2Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, La
Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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/* ]]> */
ABSTRACTSTRUCTURED ABSTRACTEDITOR'S SUMMARY
Introduction
Censorship has a long history in China, extending from the efforts of
Emperor Qin to burn Confucian texts in the third century BCE to the control
of traditional broadcast media under Communist Party rule. However, with the
rise of the Internet and new media platforms, more than 1.3 billion people
can now broadcast their individual views, making information far more
diffuse and considerably harder to control. In response, the government has
built a massive social media censorship organization, the result of which
constitutes the largest selective suppression of human communication in the
recorded history of any country. We show that this large system, designed to
suppress information, paradoxically leaves large footprints and so reveals
a great deal about itself and the intentions of the government.
Graphic
The Chinese censorship decision tree. The pictures shown are examples of
real (and typical) websites, along with our translations.
Rationale
Chinese censorship of individual social media posts occurs at two levels: (i
) Many tens of thousands of censors, working inside Chinese social media
firms and government at several levels, read individual social media posts,
and decide which ones to take down. (ii) They also read social media
submissions that are prevented from being posted by automated keyword
filters, and decide which ones to publish.
To study the first level, we devised an observational study to download
published Chinese social media posts before the government could censor them
, and to revisit each from a worldwide network of computers to see which was
censored. To study the second level, we conducted the first largescale
experimental study of censorship by creating accounts on numerous social
media sites throughout China, submitting texts with different randomly
assigned content to each, and detecting from a worldwide network of
computers which ones were censored.
To find out the details of how the system works, we supplemented the typical
current approach (conducting uncertain and potentially unsafe confidential
interviews with insiders) with a participant observation study, in which we
set up our own social media site in China. While also attempting not to
alter the system we were studying, we purchased a URL, rented server space,
contracted with Chinese firms to acquire the same software as used by
existing social media sites, and—with direct access to their software,
documentation, and even customer service help desk support—
reverseengineered how it all works.
Results
Criticisms of the state, its leaders, and their policies are routinely
published, whereas posts with collective action potential are much more
likely to be censored—regardless of whether they are for or against the
state (two concepts not previously distinguished in the literature). Chinese
people can write the most vitriolic blog posts about even the top Chinese
leaders without fear of censorship, but if they write in support of or
opposition to an ongoing protest—or even about a rally in favor of a
popular policy or leader—they will be censored.
We clarify the internal mechanisms of the Chinese censorship apparatus and
show how changes in censorship behavior reveal government intent by
presaging their action on the ground. That is, it appears that criticism on
the web, which was thought to be censored, is used by Chinese leaders to
determine which officials are not doing their job of mollifying the people
and need to be replaced.
Conclusion
Censorship in China is used to muzzle those outside government who attempt
to spur the creation of crowds for any reason—in opposition to, in support
of, or unrelated to the government. The government allows the Chinese people
to say whatever they like about the state, its leaders, or their policies,
because talk about any subject unconnected to collective action is not
censored. The value that Chinese leaders find in allowing and then measuring
criticism by hundreds of millions of Chinese people creates actionable
information for them and, as a result, also for academic scholars and public
policy analysts.
C**********e
发帖数: 23303
2
哈哈哈哈哈哈
狗粮党老将奔走相告 狗粮有着落啦
w********t
发帖数: 12853
3
你说的狗粮是 Science 发吗 ?
第一作者显然不是中国大陆出来的人。

【在 C**********e 的大作中提到】
: 哈哈哈哈哈哈
: 狗粮党老将奔走相告 狗粮有着落啦

i******e
发帖数: 414
4
都是中国人做的研究啊
w********t
发帖数: 12853
5
有四个作者,第一作者显然不是大陆来的中国人,第三,四作者不是中国人。大陆人之
可能是第二作者。

【在 i******e 的大作中提到】
: 都是中国人做的研究啊
a******9
发帖数: 20431
6
Criticisms of the state, its leaders, and their policies are routinely
published, whereas posts with collective action potential are much more
likely to be censored—regardless of whether they are for or against the
state (two concepts not previously distinguished in the literature). Chinese
people can write the most vitriolic blog posts about even the top Chinese
leaders without fear of censorship, but if they write in support of or
opposition to an ongoing protest—or even about a rally in favor of a
popular policy or leader—they will be censored
这属于小骂大帮忙的5毛?
f***y
发帖数: 4447
7
明显是研究美分党
a***m
发帖数: 174
8
永载史册的论文
让土共遗丑万年
致敬哈佛大学!!
致敬科学杂志!!

【在 w********t 的大作中提到】
: Science 22 August 2014:
: Vol. 345 no. 6199
: DOI: 10.1126/science.1251722
: RESEARCH ARTICLE
: Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and
: participant observation
: Gary King1,*, Jennifer Pan1, Margaret E. Roberts2
: + Author Affiliations
: 1Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge,
: MA 02138, USA.

w********t
发帖数: 12853
9
您有些过于激动了,我只想读读论文,看所谓 “廊坊五毛”有没有什么依据。 谁能从
论文里看出这个答案 ? 我没有读到全文,好像他们还是跟踪了看中国什么地区有最快
的网络监控或者最集中的五毛分布。

【在 a***m 的大作中提到】
: 永载史册的论文
: 让土共遗丑万年
: 致敬哈佛大学!!
: 致敬科学杂志!!

d****o
发帖数: 32610
10
英语怎么学的
这个是讲钻风的

【在 w********t 的大作中提到】
: Science 22 August 2014:
: Vol. 345 no. 6199
: DOI: 10.1126/science.1251722
: RESEARCH ARTICLE
: Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and
: participant observation
: Gary King1,*, Jennifer Pan1, Margaret E. Roberts2
: + Author Affiliations
: 1Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge,
: MA 02138, USA.

相关主题
”我爸是李刚“上了扭腰时报了 (转载)整个互联网还赶不上我的小硬盘
美帝要censor internet?现在美国人都看被中国变相censor的电影
莫言的故事确实超越政治了好戏越发精彩了! (转载)
进入Military版参与讨论
h******1
发帖数: 16295
11
文不对题啊。
这里面说的是censorship,跟五毛有啥关系?
c********l
发帖数: 3254
12
中国五毛扬名世界,被顶级杂志研究。中国又创世界奇迹,不服不行。
n*****8
发帖数: 19630
13
雪花灯发来贺电,
全世界人民都乐了。
:)
f***n
发帖数: 4682
14
你读得懂英文吗?

【在 c********l 的大作中提到】
: 中国五毛扬名世界,被顶级杂志研究。中国又创世界奇迹,不服不行。
w********t
发帖数: 12853
15
纯学术讨论: 据说中国政府是雇佣了一批网络监管人员的,他们的任务包括我们通常
称作五毛,而国内官方职称“网评员”的,但是他们也同时对网络上的敏感内容进行监
视和及时删除。
我的判断正确吗 ?
我们经常用五毛来骂某些网上 ID, 但是真正的五毛是指我上面说的这些官方雇佣的人
,不是指那些不收报酬的。

【在 h******1 的大作中提到】
: 文不对题啊。
: 这里面说的是censorship,跟五毛有啥关系?

w********t
发帖数: 12853
16
雪花灯揭露的是美国政府对公民的监视行为。
这个和中国的网络五毛有本质上的类似,但是执行起来,还是各有特色的。大家自己去
对比他们的不同。

【在 n*****8 的大作中提到】
: 雪花灯发来贺电,
: 全世界人民都乐了。
: :)

m**********n
发帖数: 27535
17
这不是5毛言论?
The government allows the Chinese people
to say whatever they like about the state, its leaders, or their policies,
because talk about any subject unconnected to collective action is not
censored. The value that Chinese leaders find in allowing and then measuring
criticism by hundreds of millions of Chinese people creates actionable
information for them and, as a result, also for academic scholars and public
policy analysts.
g********x
发帖数: 7361
18
雪灯是叛逃的五毛
美国政府仍然雇佣着成千上万的没叛逃的五毛

【在 w********t 的大作中提到】
: 雪花灯揭露的是美国政府对公民的监视行为。
: 这个和中国的网络五毛有本质上的类似,但是执行起来,还是各有特色的。大家自己去
: 对比他们的不同。

b****u
发帖数: 1710
19
不错, 跟我以前猜想的大致相同。 你可以批评个体,但共产党怕政团的出现,不管是
左派还是右派。 左派有文革为先例,右派可能颠覆执政。 团体对共产党执政都构成威
胁,所以法轮功什么的都必须镇压。
b****u
发帖数: 1710
20
还有你这个标题有点文不对题吧,哪里是研究什么五毛?????
相关主题
中国也开始驱逐美国学术间谍了,哈哈老美都承认要用儒家思想治理美国了
YouTube已经悄然开始“清洗”批评政府的新闻记者 (转载)未来, 属于中国: 汤因比论中国传统文化
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进入Military版参与讨论
a******9
发帖数: 20431
21
LOL 楼主英文不好 多担待

measuring
public

【在 m**********n 的大作中提到】
: 这不是5毛言论?
: The government allows the Chinese people
: to say whatever they like about the state, its leaders, or their policies,
: because talk about any subject unconnected to collective action is not
: censored. The value that Chinese leaders find in allowing and then measuring
: criticism by hundreds of millions of Chinese people creates actionable
: information for them and, as a result, also for academic scholars and public
: policy analysts.

w********t
发帖数: 12853
22
这篇文章比较客观,比如说到中国人个人孤立的敏感言论现在似乎不被 sersor,只有
这种言论倾向于某种群众言论或者运动形式,才被删除控制;这段文章还说了中国政府
监控网络言论以了解群众的舆论导向,和评估当地官员。这些是应该肯定的。

measuring
public

【在 m**********n 的大作中提到】
: 这不是5毛言论?
: The government allows the Chinese people
: to say whatever they like about the state, its leaders, or their policies,
: because talk about any subject unconnected to collective action is not
: censored. The value that Chinese leaders find in allowing and then measuring
: criticism by hundreds of millions of Chinese people creates actionable
: information for them and, as a result, also for academic scholars and public
: policy analysts.

w********t
发帖数: 12853
23
我已经说过,军版五毛不是真五毛,是个骂名而已。真正的五毛是国内政府和一些网络
公司雇佣的,用来做网络管制,以及网评的人。他们确实是领工资的,所以叫“五毛”
,是网络上“五毛”这个骂名的现实中原形。
科学杂志的论文揭露的就是这些雇佣五毛的具体工作。很有意思。

【在 b****u 的大作中提到】
: 还有你这个标题有点文不对题吧,哪里是研究什么五毛?????
1 (共1页)
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