v**e
发帖数: 8422 | 1 简氏防务周刊：永暑礁最新进展----能建跑道！
China building airstrip-capable island on Fiery Cross Reef
James Hardy, London and Sean O'Connor, Indiana - IHS Jane's Defence Weekly
20 November 2014
Airbus Defence and Space imagery dated 14 November 2014 shows Chinese land
reclamation operations under way at Fiery Cross Reef in the South China Sea.
Multiple operating dredgers provide the ability to generate terrain rapidly
. Operating from a harbour area, dredgers deliver sediment via a network of
piping. (© CNES 2014, Distribution Airbus DS / Spot Image / IHS)
Key Points
China is reclaiming land at Fiery Cross Reef in the Spratly Islands,
according to satellite imagery
The reclamation, which started in August, is creating a land mass large
enough for a 3,000 m-long airstrip
China is building an island at least 3,000 m long on Fiery Cross Reef that
could be the site for its first airstrip in the Spratly Islands in the South
China Sea.
Satellite imagery of the island taken on 8 August and 14 November shows that
in the past three months Chinese dredgers have created a land mass that is
almost the entire length of the reef.
Fiery Cross Reef lies to the west of the main Spratly island archipelago and
was previously under water; the only habitable area was a concrete platform
built and maintained by China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).
The new island is more than 3,000 m long and between 200 and 300 m wide:
large enough to construct a runway and apron. The dredgers are also creating
a harbour to the east of the reef that would appear to be large enough to
receive tankers and major surface combatants.
The existing structure on the reef's southwestern edge was home to a PLAN
garrison and had a pier, air-defence guns, anti-frogmen defences,
communications equipment, and a greenhouse. The concrete structure is
currently not attached to the new island, but if previous Chinese land
reclamation projects in the Spratlys are any guide, it is only a matter of
time before it is joined up.
The Spratly Islands are claimed by Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Taiwan, and Vietnam. All but Brunei occupy islands or have built structures
on reefs and shoals to assert their claims.
The land reclamation at Fiery Cross is the fourth such project undertaken by
China in the Spratly Islands in the last 12-18 months and by far the
largest in scope. China has built new islands at Johnson South Reef,
Cuateron Reef, and Gaven Reefs, but none are large enough to house an
airstrip in their current form.
Ship tracking data from IHS Maritime shows substantial activity at the reef
since May 2014. Analysts drew attention to two ships in particular: Jin Hang
Jun 406 , a grab dredger that is fixed on a pontoon, and 3,086-tonne cutter
suction dredger Xin Hai Tun . Both have been instrumental in dredging and
cutting channels into the new harbour basin.
ANALYSIS
IHS Jane's previously reported on China's reclamation project in the
Spratlys and noted that until recently Fiery Cross appeared to be acting as
a staging post for other island building projects. Given its status as the
largest PLAN facility in the Spratlys, this seemed to be an anomaly,
something that the 14 November imagery has now corrected.
China has been at a distinct disadvantage compared with other claimants in
the Spratly Islands as it is the only claimant not to occupy an island with
an airfield. Taiwan has Itu Aba (Taiping) island, the Philippines has Pagasa
island, Malaysia has Swallow Reef (a reef on which it reclaimed land and
built an airstrip), and Vietnam has Southwest Cay.
The work at Fiery Cross thus brings parity but is likely to cause alarm
among the other claimants. China has previously shown it is willing to spend
blood and treasure to assert its territorial claims in this region. Given
its massive military advantage over the other claimants in terms of quantity
and quality of materiel, this facility appears purpose-built to coerce
other claimants into relinquishing their claims and possessions, or at least
provide China with a much stronger negotiating position if talks over the
dispute were ever held. | v**e
发帖数: 8422 | 2 中国在南沙填海建机场 美国叫停
BBC网 2014-11-22 01:57:16
美国国防部官员说，中国正在与邻国有主权争议的南沙海域岛礁通过填海方式
将其扩建成一个大岛。
美国国防部发言人杰弗里·普尔（Jeffrey Pool）说，中方正在永暑礁（Fiery
Cross Reef）上进行大型填海作业，永暑礁完成填海作业后，岛上可修建一条机场跑道。
法新社引述普尔中校说，“看起来这正是他们努力的方向”，“美方敦促中方停止
填海作业，以外交方式鼓励所有各方在采取类似活动时保持克制”。
英国简氏防务周刊（IHS Jane's）公布了今年8月8和11月14日拍摄的卫星图片。图
片显示，中国使用挖泥船在南沙中部的永暑礁进行填海作业，修建一个长约3000米、宽
200至300米的填海岛屿。
报告说，中方在填海而建的岛上搭建水泥平台，大到足以容纳跑道和停机坪。在永
暑礁的东面，亦通过挖掘，修建了一个新码头，可以停泊大型油轮和海军舰艇。
报告指出，永暑礁进行的填海工程是中国正在南沙群岛进行的几个填海工程之一，
但其规模最大。在对南沙岛礁进行挖泥填海作业前，中国海军曾在永暑礁上搭建水泥平
台，但没有人工扩大岛礁。
据报道，中国此前已在赤瓜礁（Johnson South Reef）、华阳礁（Cuarteron Reef
）和西南礁（Gaven Southern Reef）展开填海工程。
今年4月以来，菲律宾相继对中国在南沙赤瓜礁、华阳礁、西南礁和西门礁（
Mckeenan Reef）的填海作业提出了抗议。
在对南沙岛礁进行挖泥填海作业前，中国海军曾在永暑礁上搭建水泥平台，但没有人工
扩大岛礁
（2010年资料照片）。
中国目前声称对南海90%的岛礁海域拥有主权，但菲律宾、越南、台湾、马来西亚
和文莱也对南海部分岛礁提出领土主权主张。
针对菲律宾和越南批评中国在南沙永暑礁填海建机场一事，中国外交部曾回应称，
“如果中方在有关岛礁上要进行什么活动，那也完全是中国主权范围内的事情”。中国
军方的表态则更为强硬说：“菲律宾和越南没有资格对中国的南海建设说三道四”。
中国媒体还援引一些军事专家说：中国应在永暑礁填海造陆，建立大型海空军军事
基地，“展现威慑力量”。
中国媒体此前曾指责菲律宾、越南近4年来“在侵占中国的南海岛礁上大兴土木，
突击建设各种军事设施”，其中包括菲律宾“在中业岛上修复机场跑道”，越南“在南
威岛（越南称长沙岛）建成前进机场，运送军人和大批武器装备。”，“并正在南沙群
岛开发暗礁和人工岛”。
（撰稿：萧尔） |
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