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发帖数: 1413 | 1 李巨：徜徉在量子材料世界
新闻原文与照片请见：http://www.ustcif.org/default.php/content/1464/
2012年10月10日，麻省理工学院（以下简称MIT）以其官方网站首页封面图片方式报道
中国科大90级少年班校友李巨教授的成就。 当地时间11日，中国科大校友新创基金会
致电李巨教授表示祝贺。李巨教授提及已得知“再战北马，捐赠海外交流”行动，“一
定要支持”。随即李巨教授立即在中国科大捐赠网（GIVING.USTC.EDU.CN）捐赠感谢母
校的教育。他还祝福母校“ I wish USTC great success in the campaign.”。
图为2012年10月10日，MIT网站首页今日聚焦以全页封面报道方式介绍李巨。
《徜徉在量子材料世界》介绍了李巨教授获得的成果。文章称，李巨从原子尺度设计出
的新材料，在未来新能源领域有着应用。李巨成功了设计了全球最小的电池。该文特别
介绍李巨从他在中国科学技术大学的大学生活，并介绍说：他在中国科大培养了对电子
工程与计算机科学的浓厚兴趣。这些兴趣引导了李巨教授使用材料的计算机仿真手段去
了解如何使用新材料。
李巨1994年毕业于中国科学技术大学少年班，2000年于MIT获博士学位，其后在MIT从事
博士后研究，2002-2007年任俄亥俄州立大学助理教授，2007-2011年任宾夕法尼亚大学
副教授，2011年被MIT核科学与工程系及材料科学与工程系联合聘为正教授。
李巨的母亲1965年毕业于中国科大近代化学系。1990年，四川成都盐道街中学高一年级
的李巨考入中国科大少年班。2000年于MIT获博士学位，其后在MIT从事博士后研究，
2002-2007年任俄亥俄州立大学助理教授，2007-2011年任宾夕法尼亚大学副教授，2011
年被MIT核科学与工程系及材料科学与工程系联合聘为正教授。李巨曾荣获2006年美国
材料学会青年科学家奖、美国"青年科学家工程师总统奖"
MIT首页报道李巨，是中国科大校友三十年来扬威MIT、取得突出成绩的缩影。据悉，目
前中国科大至少有50位校友在MIT学习或工作。5位校友担任该校终身教职或终身序列教
授：文小刚（772、物理系教授）、刘洪（8904，物理系副教授）、李巨（90少、核科
学与工程系及材料科学与工程系教授）、王棋琪（9900，航空航天系助理教授）与傅亮
（00少，物理系助理教授）。中国科大校友在MIT的校友与担任教授教授的数目均居中
国高校前列。
无独有偶，这是最近大约一年来，MIT网站第二次以网站头条向中国科大校友致敬。
2011年8月1日，MIT网站头条刊登《揭开水之奥秘》的新闻，以此祝贺中国科学技术大
学校友张杨（MIT2010届博士）揭示生命之源水特性的重要成就。张杨博士的实验验证
了水在有限空间的临界现象理论，该成果有可能对生物，化工，土木工程等产生重要影
响。2012年9月，张杨博士出任UIUC助理教授。这位刚刚到达UIUC不到一周的校友也接
到中国科大校友新创基金会的祝贺电话（实为“再战北马，捐赠海外交流”行动的筹款
电话），他也欣然表示必须支持。张杨还表示欢迎中国科大交流学生或访问学者前来合
作。
MIT网站头条致敬9923张杨：美丽把戏揭开水之奥妙
http://www.ustcif.org/default.php/content/1144/
UIUC新科教授张杨教授主页 http://zhang.npre.illinois.edu/
图为美国麻省理工学院网站2011年8月1日首页，头条以“揭秘水之奥妙”祝贺中国科大
9923校友张杨（MIT2010届核能工程博士）的成果。
附： MIT网站对李巨教授的封面报道
Ju Li, a professor in MIT’s departments of materials science and
engineering and nuclear science and engineering, holds a scanning tunneling
microscopy holder used in nanofactory in situ transmission electron
microscopy.
Photo: M. Scott Brauer
Growing up in China as the son of two engineers, Ju Li says he was initially
more interested in pure science than in hands-on engineering. “I was
pretty fascinated by theoretical physics when I was a kid,” he recalls.
But in the end, he found a way to combine the theoretical with the practical
him to design new materials from the atomic level on up.
Li, who holds a joint appointment as a professor in MIT’s departments of
materials science and engineering (DMSE) and nuclear science and engineering
(NSE), has ended up in a field of research that could transform the way
energy is generated, stored and used — in everything from batteries tinier
than mitochondria to huge nuclear powerplants.
In his college years at the University of Science and Technology of China,
Li became very interested in electrical engineering and computer science, he
explains. That led him to an approach that uses computer simulations of
materials at the electronic and atomic levels to understand the potential
for new ways of using these materials — techniques that can then be
confirmed and developed through precise laboratory experiments.
Working across a wide range of scales has been a central feature of Li’s
research ever since he arrived at MIT as a doctoral student. “I found I
could use my knowledge of physics, and work with computers” to model the
behavior of materials. “I felt it was a very good fit,” he says.
After earning his PhD in nuclear engineering from MIT in 2000, he spent two
years as a postdoc here, working with Sidney Yip, now professor emeritus,
who also holds a joint appointment in NSE and DMSE. During that time Li also
worked with MIT researchers Subra Suresh, who is now director of the
National Science Foundation, and Krystyn Van Vliet, an associate professor
in DMSE.
He left MIT in 2002 to take an assistant professor position in materials
science and engineering at Ohio State University, moving to the University
of Pennsylvania in 2007 as an associate professor of materials science. He
returned to MIT in 2011 as the Battelle Energy Alliance Professor of Nuclear
Science and Engineering and as a professor in DMSE. His wife, a biological
engineer, is currently a postdoc at MIT; the couple has a 12-year-old
daughter and a 5-year-old son.
Li is involved in observing and simulating the dynamical behavior of the
tiniest structures, helping design nanoscale wires — just tens of
nanometers thick — that could act as anodes and cathodes, the two active
poles of a battery, but on a scale far smaller than anyone has produced
before. With some further work to integrate these into a working device, he
says, this could be a first step toward a real-life version of a system that
could approach the amazing capabilities shown in the 1966 sci-fi film “
Fantastic Voyage,” which depicted a miniaturized submarine that could
navigate through a person’s bloodstream in order to remove a blood clot.
“With our collaborators, we have made the smallest battery in the world,”
Li says. Though it is not yet fully developed — his group still needs to
find ways of packaging these electrodes into a complete, functional unit —
the miniaturized battery could someday provide a power source for micro- and
nanodevice mobility, Li says.
Taking advantage of sophisticated in situ transmission electron microscopy (
TEM), he has also discovered several new phenomena that take place at these
tiny scales and which could someday be harnessed. “Seeing is believing,”
Li says of the in situ TEM validation. “It provides a very good check of
our new methods of modeling.”
Most analysis of these dynamics at the atomic scale, Li says, is too limited
to find their really significant effects, because of the daunting amount of
computational power needed to carry out long-term simulations. “What are
important for materials over time are rare events, where bonds break and a
dislocation or a crack can evolve,” he says. Li and his colleagues have
found ways around this by developing algorithms that can overcome timescale
limitations and predict such “rare” events that drive microstructure
evolution.
By applying an accelerated simulation technique, Li was able to use these
new models to extrapolate from timescales of a few nanoseconds up to
centuries or millennia — the time needed to evaluate the stability of
containers used to store the waste from nuclear reactor cores, which can
remain dangerously radioactive for many thousands of years.
Now, Li says, some of his new work is focused on how large elastic strain
affects the properties of materials. For example, Intel and other companies
have found that when silicon is stretched so that its lattice expands by
about 1 percent, the ability of electrons to move within the material
increases by about 50 percent; this technique is already being applied to a
wide range of electronic chips. Li thinks this is just scratching the
surface of what could become a vast array of applications based on elastic
strain engineering.
By going down to nanoscale manipulations of large elastic strain, Li says,
he thinks it will be possible to discover new and unanticipated properties
of materials. He thinks the impact on future engineering could be comparable
to the invention of alloying of metals by our ancestors, which ushered in
the Bronze Age more than five millennia ago. New technologies for making
nanomaterials that can withstand large stress without relaxation, and for
applying and measuring elastic strain and understanding its effects on
physical and chemical properties, are opening up revolutionary new
possibilities for engineered materials, he says.
“I believe this may eventually have an impact on human civilization as much
as chemical alloying has had,” Li says. “Nanomaterials generally have
much larger tolerance for elastic strain. By exploring materials in the six-
dimensional elastic strain space, we try to impart a new meaning to Feynman
’s statement that there’s plenty of room at the bottom.”
说明：原文转自MIT官方网站。点击这里。 |
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