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发帖数: 14786 | 1 Cornell的vet网站上看到的，原文链接如下：
http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/brochures/toxo.html
现摘抄几段个人认为重要的：
Toxoplasmosis is usually diagnosed based on the history, signs of illness,
and the results of supportive laboratory tests. Measurement of IgG and IgM
antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the blood can help diagnose toxoplasmosis
. The presence of significant IgG antibodies to T. gondii in a healthy cat
suggests that the cat has been previously infected and now is most likely
immune and not excreting oocysts. The presence of significant IgM antibodies
to T. gondii, however, suggests an active infection of the cat. The absence
of T. gondii antibodies of both types in a healthy cat suggests that the
cat is susceptible to infection and thus would shed oocysts for one to two
weeks following infection.
Because cats only shed the organism for a few days in their entire life, the
chance of human exposure is small. Owning a cat does not mean you will be
infected with the disease. It is unlikely that you would be exposed to the
parasite by touching an infected cat, because cats usually do not carry the
parasite on their fur. It is also unlikely that you can become infected
through cat bites or scratches. In addition, cats kept indoors that do not
hunt prey or are not fed raw meat are not likely to be infected with T.
gondii.In the United States, people are much more likely to become infected
through eating raw meat and unwashed fruits and vegetables than from
handling cat feces.
In the past, immunodeficient people and pregnant women were advised to avoid
cats. However, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) now advises that this
is not necessary.
There are several general sanitation and food safety steps you can take to
reduce your chances of becoming infected with Toxoplasma:
* Do not eat raw or undercooked meat. Meat should be cooked to a
temperature of at least 160°F for 20 minutes.
* Do not drink unpasteurized milk.
* Do not eat unwashed fruits and vegetables.
* Wash hands and food preparation surfaces with warm soapy water after
handling raw meat.
* Wear gloves when gardening. Wash hands after gardening.
* Wash hands before eating (especially for children).
* Keep children's sandboxes covered.
* Do not drink water from the environment unless it is boiled.
* Do not feed raw meat or undercooked meat to cats. Also, do not give
them unpasteurized milk.
* Do not allow cats to hunt or roam.
* Do not allow cats to use a garden or children's play area as their
litter box.
* Remove feces from the litter box daily and clean with boiling or
scalding water.
* Pregnant women, and persons with suppressed immune systems, should not
clean the litter box.
* Control rodent populations and other potential intermediate hosts. |
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