a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 1 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: LindaLiao (梅影清吟), 信区: Military
标 题: 世界历史上最有成就的五十名物理学家。
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Apr 8 17:18:35 2012, 美东)
1. Isaac Newton - English. Quantified and Qualified laws of motion and
gravity. Invented the reflecting telescope. Explained the concept of light
dispersion and co-invented the Calculus.
2. Albert Einstein - German/Swiss/American - Developed Theories of Special
and General Relativity. Described Brownian Motion. Nobel Prize winner for
his work on the photoelectric effect. Showed mass-energy equivalence.
3. Galileo Galilei - Italian - Discovered the law of Uniformly accelerated
motion. Improved on the refracting telescope. Discovered the Four largest
moons of Jupiter. Described projectile motion and the concept of weight. He
is however best known for his championing of the Copernican theory of
heliocentricity against church opposition.
4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
pioneer in the field of low temperature study
5. Johannes Kepler - German - Outlined Three fundamental laws of planetary
motion. Described elliptical motion of planets around the sun. Work served
as the precursor to that of Newton's.
6. Archimedes - Greek - Described concept of buoyancy. Developed formulae
for the areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders, parabolas, and several
other solids. Worked extensively with levers. Also invented the Archimedes
screw to raise water. In warfare he developed several siege engines that
served to hamper the Roman invasion of his home city of Syracuse.
7. Nikolai Tesla - Yugoslavian/American - Champion of alternating current
flow (which is the means by which electric power is carried in our modern
network). Improved on the dynamo, transformer and electric bulb and invented
the Tesla coil.
8. Max Planck - German - Father of Quantum mechanics. Showed how the energy
of a photon is proportional to its frequency.
9. James Maxwell - Scottish - Developed equations for electromagnetism and
the kinetic theory of gases. He predicted that other that there were other
types of radiation beyond that of visible light. Showed that light was a
type of electromagnetic radiation.
10. Marie Curie - Polish - Two time Nobel Prize winner. With Henri Becquerel
and her Pierre she discovered radioactivity. She also isolated Plutonium
and Radium.
11. Niels Bohr - Danish - Used Quantum mechanical model to show how electron
energy levels are related to Spectral lines.
12. Erwin Schrödinger - Austrian - Famous for the equation that bears
his name. Describes the wave action and behaviour of matter.
13. Werner Heisenberg - German - Developed method to express Quantum
mechanics in terms of matrices. Best known for his Uncertainty Principle.
14. Ernest Rutherford - New Zealander/British - Father of Nuclear Physics.
Showed how the atomic nucleus has a positive charge. Was the first to change
one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction.
15. Nicolas Copernicus - Polish Monk - Wrote 400 Page treatise 'On the
Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres' that argued that the Earth revolved
around the sun. The book challenged the way the world was viewed leading to
much ecclesiastical opposition.
16. Christiaan Huygens - Dutch - Developed Wave Theory of Light and
discovered polarization.
17. James Joule - English - Showed that heat is a form of energy. Also
demonstrated that gas expansion with no work leads to a fall in temperature.
Work led to the Theory of Conservation of Energy.
18. Henry Cavendish - English - Showed that water was made up of the union
of two gases. Determined the Universal Gravitation constant.
19. William Thomson Kelvin - Scottish - Major figure in Thermodynamics.
Helped develop Law of Conservation of Energy. Studied Wave motion and vortex
motion in hydrodynamics and produced a dynamical theory of heat.
20. Thomas Young - English - Furthered the doctrine of wave interference.
Famous for his 'slit' experiments.
21. Enrico Fermi - Italian/American - Split the nucleus by bombarding it
with neutrons. Built first Nuclear reactor in the US.
22. Richard Feynman - American - Known for his work on quantum
electrodynamics, as well as for his visual representation of the behaviour
patterns of interacting particles (Feynman diagrams).
23. Alessandro Volta - Italian - Built the first electrical battery. First
scientist to do substantial work with Electric currents.
24. Heinrich Hetrz - German - Discovered radio waves and determined their
velocity.
25. Benjamin Franklin - American - Worked with electricity. Defined positive
and negative charges.
26. John Bardeen - American - Developed the point contact transistor (won
Nobel Prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1956). Won a second
Nobel Prize (1972) for work on Superconductivity (shared with Leon Cooper
and John Schrieffer).
27. Georg Ohm - German - Determined law in electricity that states that
current is equal to the ratio of voltage to resistance.
28. Paul Dirac - English - Developed theory of the spinning electron.
Proposed the existence of anti-matter.
29. Robert Millikan - American - Determined the charge on an electron. Did
vital work with Cosmic Rays.
30. Edwin Hubble - American - Discovered that the universe is expanding.
Established a ratio between the rate of expansion and the distance between
galaxies.
31. Pieter Zeeman - Dutch - Discovered the Zeeman effect, whereby a ray of
light placed in a magnetic field is split spectroscopically into several
components. This has helped physicists investigate atoms, study
electromagnetic radiation and for astronomers to measure the magnetic field
of stars.
32. Andre-Marie Ampere - French - Worked in field of Electrodynamics. Showed
how an electric current produces a magnetic field.
33. Joseph John Thomson - English - Showed that Cathode rays were rapidly
moving particles. Worked out that the mass of these individual particles (
electrons) was less than 2000 times that of the atom itself.
34. Henri Becquerel - French - Discovered the natural radioactivity of
uranium.
35. Louis de Broglie - French - Discovered the wave nature of electrons and
particles.
36. Charles Coulomb - French - Determined that positive and negative charges
attract one another and showed that the magnitude of the force diminishes
with distance.
37. Georges Lemaître - Belgian - Proposed the Big Bang Theory of the
origin of the Universe.
38. Christian Doppler - Austrian - Discovered that a wave's frequency
changes when its source and the observer are moving relative to one another
(the Doppler Effect).
38. Lise Meitner - Austrian - Discovered with Otto Hahn the radioactive
element protactinium. Known for her work in Nuclear Physics she developed,
with her nephew Otto Frisch, the concept of Nuclear Fission.
39. Hans Oersted - Danish - Discovered magnetic effect of an electric
current.
40. Robert Boyle - Irish - Showed that the pressure and volume of a mixed
mass of gas are inversely proportional. Was highly active as a Chemist as
well.
41. Hendrik Lorentz - Dutch - Clarified Electromagnetic Theory of light.
Developed concept of local time. Work would influence Albert Einstein.
42. Joseph von Fraunhofer - German -First to realize that dark lines in
spectra of light can be used to determine makeup of celestial bodies.
43. Ludwig Boltzmann - Austrian - Father of Statistical Mechanics. Worked on
the kinetic theory of gases.
44. Robert Hooke - English - Formulated the law of elasticity. Invented the
balance spring, the microscope and the Gregorian telescope.
45. Evangelista Torrecelli - Italian - Inventor of the Barometer. Father of
Hydrodynamics.
46. Wilhelm Weber - German - invented the electrodynamometer. First to apply
the mirror and scale method of reading deflections.
47. Ernst Mach - Austrian - Showed how airflow is disturbed at the speed of
sound.
48. John Wheeler - American - Theoretical physicist. Coined the terms black
hole and worm hole.
49. Wilhelm Roentgen - German - Discovered x-rays.
50. Stephen Hawking - English - Noteworthy for his work in cosmology
especially with respect to singularities. Predicts that a Black hole will
convert its mass to radiation, then disappear. |
z*********n
发帖数: 94654 | 2 笑得眼泪都出来了
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
: 发信人: LindaLiao (梅影清吟), 信区: Military
: 标 题: 世界历史上最有成就的五十名物理学家。
: 发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Apr 8 17:18:35 2012, 美东)
: 1. Isaac Newton - English. Quantified and Qualified laws of motion and
: gravity. Invented the reflecting telescope. Explained the concept of light
: dispersion and co-invented the Calculus.
: 2. Albert Einstein - German/Swiss/American - Developed Theories of Special
: and General Relativity. Described Brownian Motion. Nobel Prize winner for
: his work on the photoelectric effect. Showed mass-energy equivalence.
|
r********d
发帖数: 7742 | 3 老三给咱这文盲普及一下，笑点在哪里？
我抽样选了几个点，眼泪硬是没出来啊。
【在 z*********n 的大作中提到】
: 笑得眼泪都出来了
|
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | |
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 5 随便找一个
25. Benjamin Franklin - American - Worked with electricity. Defined positive
and negative charges.
26. John Bardeen - American - Developed the point contact transistor (won
Nobel Prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1956). Won a second
Nobel Prize (1972) for work on Superconductivity (shared with Leon Cooper
and John Schrieffer).
27. Georg Ohm - German - Determined law in electricity that states that
current is equal to the ratio of voltage to resistance.
28. Paul Dirac - English - Developed theory of the spinning electron.
Proposed the existence of anti-matter.
百元大钞秒杀迪拉克。
【在 r********d 的大作中提到】
: 老三给咱这文盲普及一下，笑点在哪里？
: 我抽样选了几个点，眼泪硬是没出来啊。
|
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 6 远远高于费米和迪拉可的
4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
pioneer in the field of low temperature study |
l*****x
发帖数: 3431 | 7 排名是按照群众喜闻乐见的程度来的？
positive
second
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 随便找一个
: 25. Benjamin Franklin - American - Worked with electricity. Defined positive
: and negative charges.
: 26. John Bardeen - American - Developed the point contact transistor (won
: Nobel Prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1956). Won a second
: Nobel Prize (1972) for work on Superconductivity (shared with Leon Cooper
: and John Schrieffer).
: 27. Georg Ohm - German - Determined law in electricity that states that
: current is equal to the ratio of voltage to resistance.
: 28. Paul Dirac - English - Developed theory of the spinning electron.
|
G***o
发帖数: 5158 | 8 http://worldohistory.blogspot.com/2008/08/50-most-influential-p
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 远远高于费米和迪拉可的
: 4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
: magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
: Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
: generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
: electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
: pioneer in the field of low temperature study
|
G***o
发帖数: 5158 | 9 20. Thomas Young - English - Furthered the doctrine of wave interference.
Famous for his 'slit' experiments.
positive
second
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 随便找一个
: 25. Benjamin Franklin - American - Worked with electricity. Defined positive
: and negative charges.
: 26. John Bardeen - American - Developed the point contact transistor (won
: Nobel Prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1956). Won a second
: Nobel Prize (1972) for work on Superconductivity (shared with Leon Cooper
: and John Schrieffer).
: 27. Georg Ohm - German - Determined law in electricity that states that
: current is equal to the ratio of voltage to resistance.
: 28. Paul Dirac - English - Developed theory of the spinning electron.
|
l******r
发帖数: 544 | |
|
|
s***s
发帖数: 4329 | |
a*w
发帖数: 4495 | 12 因为她是波兰人？
【在 l******r 的大作中提到】
: 为什么居里夫人不是法国人？
|
d********f
发帖数: 43471 | 13 fermi和dirac对普通人来说鸟毛贡献都没有啊
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 远远高于费米和迪拉可的
: 4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
: magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
: Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
: generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
: electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
: pioneer in the field of low temperature study
|
l****n
发帖数: 844 | 14 Tesla 算是EE吧?怎么能算Physicist?排名比老马老普还高?
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 远远高于费米和迪拉可的
: 4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
: magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
: Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
: generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
: electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
: pioneer in the field of low temperature study
|
t*****r
发帖数: 76 | 15 费米造的核反应堆发电吧。
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: fermi和dirac对普通人来说鸟毛贡献都没有啊
|
i***e
发帖数: 648 | |
t*******t
发帖数: 364 | 17 也不一定高深的就肯定贡献大。很多初中学的基本定律其实算是超重量级的工作。像正
负电荷，欧姆定律都是我们认识世界的基石，拔高一点也不为过。不过Franklin应该不
是最早发现正负电荷的吧？他只是命名。这个credit归到他头上有点水。 |
d********f
发帖数: 43471 | 18 没有fermi照样有反应堆，最多晚几年
【在 t*****r 的大作中提到】
: 费米造的核反应堆发电吧。
|
m****w
发帖数: 1304 | 19 Without Albert Einstein, we will still have SR, only a few weeks late. First
is the first.
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: 没有fermi照样有反应堆，最多晚几年
|
A****0
发帖数: 12393 | 20 我还以为有杨老师
禹城不手横也算是贡献啊
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
: 发信人: LindaLiao (梅影清吟), 信区: Military
: 标 题: 世界历史上最有成就的五十名物理学家。
: 发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Apr 8 17:18:35 2012, 美东)
: 1. Isaac Newton - English. Quantified and Qualified laws of motion and
: gravity. Invented the reflecting telescope. Explained the concept of light
: dispersion and co-invented the Calculus.
: 2. Albert Einstein - German/Swiss/American - Developed Theories of Special
: and General Relativity. Described Brownian Motion. Nobel Prize winner for
: his work on the photoelectric effect. Showed mass-energy equivalence.
|
|
|
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 21 知道杨老师的人肯定多于知道费米的，人口在那里摆着呢，可见这个排名很水。
【在 A****0 的大作中提到】
: 我还以为有杨老师
: 禹城不手横也算是贡献啊
|
d*******n
发帖数: 524 | 22 Dirac应该进前十啊，给量子力学大厦封顶的人，也是那个时代对量子力学领悟得最深
刻的人。
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: fermi和dirac对普通人来说鸟毛贡献都没有啊
|
a***n
发帖数: 3633 | 23 我也觉得，不过话说回来，这种排名向来不好搞。
不过各个排名基本上牛顿，爱因斯坦是前二。阿基米德和伽利略在前五。
其余的就不好说了。比如特斯拉排名太高了，居里夫人排名虽然不高，
但是比起她的贡献来还是太高。波尔兹曼的排名低了。还有几个美国人
完全是照顾性质混入名单的。
【在 t*******t 的大作中提到】
: 也不一定高深的就肯定贡献大。很多初中学的基本定律其实算是超重量级的工作。像正
: 负电荷，欧姆定律都是我们认识世界的基石，拔高一点也不为过。不过Franklin应该不
: 是最早发现正负电荷的吧？他只是命名。这个credit归到他头上有点水。
|
t*****r
发帖数: 76 | 24 so?
我回的是那个说费米对我们根本没有实际贡献的。
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: 没有fermi照样有反应堆，最多晚几年
|
H********g
发帖数: 43926 | |
k******d
发帖数: 515 | 26 你开车的时候感觉到牛顿的贡献了？
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: fermi和dirac对普通人来说鸟毛贡献都没有啊
|
M******n
发帖数: 43051 | 27 我开车时脑海里一直是牛顿第二定律啊
【在 k******d 的大作中提到】
: 你开车的时候感觉到牛顿的贡献了？
|
a***n
发帖数: 3633 | 28 人造卫星木有牛顿搞不定吧。
【在 k******d 的大作中提到】
: 你开车的时候感觉到牛顿的贡献了？
|
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 29 开普勒说得更清楚。
【在 a***n 的大作中提到】
: 人造卫星木有牛顿搞不定吧。
|
a***n
发帖数: 3633 | 30 基本轨道方程牛顿算二作吧，
但是，但是火箭基本理论开普勒就木有贡献了，牛顿还能扯上边。
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 开普勒说得更清楚。
|
|
|
h*n
发帖数: 1915 | 31 排得是高了点，不过据说是第一个提出场这个概念的人，还是很牛X的。
【在 a******o 的大作中提到】
: 远远高于费米和迪拉可的
: 4. Michael Faraday - Self taught English Physicist - Showed how a changing
: magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current. This is the
: Principle of Electromagnetic Induction that is used in today's electric
: generators. He applied this knowledge to the development of several
: electrical machines as well. Described principles of electrolysis. Early
: pioneer in the field of low temperature study
|
n*****n
发帖数: 5277 | |
u***n
发帖数: 21026 | |
S**n
发帖数: 403 | |
a**9
发帖数: 879 | 35 他凭什么上榜？
他是个天才不假，可惜死得早，也许晚死二十年能牛逼一些
【在 S**n 的大作中提到】
: Landau没有上榜啊
|
f**********r
发帖数: 3774 | |
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 37 你真说反了，他如果早生二十年，可能就和费米迪拉克并列了。
【在 a**9 的大作中提到】
: 他凭什么上榜？
: 他是个天才不假，可惜死得早，也许晚死二十年能牛逼一些
|
s**********g
发帖数: 953 | 38 1 和 2 绝对没有争议了吧，看人家杨老师两个儿子的first name就知道了，一个
issac 一个 albert，虽然都不做物理。 |
d********f
发帖数: 43471 | 39 laudau怎么可能上榜，他tmd把能做的都做了，害得大家少灌了多少水啊
【在 a**9 的大作中提到】
: 他凭什么上榜？
: 他是个天才不假，可惜死得早，也许晚死二十年能牛逼一些
|
l*b
发帖数: 4369 | 40 这个算是j点？
费米黄金定则是能态跃迁的基础之一吧，别说你不知道激光是能态跃迁理论的典型应用
啊。
至于狄拉克就更不用说了，不光是人家物理上的贡献，就是一个随手写下的狄拉克函数
在信号处理里面的用处就数不胜数。
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: fermi和dirac对普通人来说鸟毛贡献都没有啊
|
|
|
d********f
发帖数: 43471 | 41 fermi和dirac听到你这么评价他们最大的贡献估计要气的复活了
【在 l*b 的大作中提到】
: 这个算是j点？
: 费米黄金定则是能态跃迁的基础之一吧，别说你不知道激光是能态跃迁理论的典型应用
: 啊。
: 至于狄拉克就更不用说了，不光是人家物理上的贡献，就是一个随手写下的狄拉克函数
: 在信号处理里面的用处就数不胜数。
|
a***e
发帖数: 27968 | 42 没错，法拉第是那种没什么定式的主
就是受教育不够多理论差了一点
【在 h*n 的大作中提到】
: 排得是高了点，不过据说是第一个提出场这个概念的人，还是很牛X的。
|
d********f
发帖数: 43471 | 43 按照美式排法爱迪生和tesla应该是头两名
【在 a***e 的大作中提到】
: 没错，法拉第是那种没什么定式的主
: 就是受教育不够多理论差了一点
|
l*b
发帖数: 4369 | 44 嗯？
他们最大的贡献不是说我的那两个，显然嘛。
我就是举出两个比较小的贡献，说明他俩对普通人的生活都产生的巨大影响。
【在 d********f 的大作中提到】
: fermi和dirac听到你这么评价他们最大的贡献估计要气的复活了
|
a******o
发帖数: 16625 | 45 费米是核武器的主要技术负责人吧。这个对人类的影响大概是空前绝后的。
【在 l*b 的大作中提到】
: 嗯？
: 他们最大的贡献不是说我的那两个，显然嘛。
: 我就是举出两个比较小的贡献，说明他俩对普通人的生活都产生的巨大影响。
|
i***h
发帖数: 12655 | 46 法拉第还是很牛的,
不见得比狄拉克差
【在 a***e 的大作中提到】
: 没错，法拉第是那种没什么定式的主
: 就是受教育不够多理论差了一点
|
