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发帖数: 80 | 1 北京时间10月16日22时，国际天文界宣布了最新的科学进展：首次直接探测到双中子星
并合引力波及其伴随的电磁信号。这标志着人类历史上第一次使用引力波天文台和其他
望远镜观测到同一天体物理事件，预示着天文学研究进入“多信使”时代。中国“慧眼
”望远镜与紫金山天文台均成功监测到此次引力波事件。
来源：译·世界（ID：yeeworld）
这两天，国内外天文圈不约而同地卖起关子——纷纷声称要有大事宣布，却又个个神秘
兮兮、守口如瓶。
终于，北京时间10月16日22时，国际天文界宣布了最新的科学进展：首次直接探测到双
中子星并合引力波及其伴随的电磁信号。这标志着人类历史上第一次使用引力波天文台
和其他望远镜观测到同一天体物理事件，预示着天文学研究进入“多信使”时代。中国
“慧眼”望远镜与紫金山天文台均成功监测到此次引力波事件。
快随Yee君来感受下中子星并合产生引力波的模拟震撼效果~
A Chinese satellite helped define the energy level of a newly discovered
gravitational wave — tiny ripples in the fabric of space-time caused by
violentcosmic events.
中国卫星帮助确定了新发现的引力波的能级。引力波即剧烈的宇宙事件所产生的时空结
构中的小涟漪。
▲引力波示意图
Scientists at the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory in the United States announced on Monday night they had
discovered the first-ever gravitational wave created by the collision of two
neutron stars — superdense remnants of massive stars — on Aug 17.
北京时间10月16日晚，美国激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）科研人员宣布，8月17日首
次发现双中子星并合引力波事件。中子星即大质量恒星残留的致密天体。
▲10月16日，科学家在美国华盛顿出席关于引力波事件的新闻发布会
Huiyan, or Insight, China's first Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope put into
orbit on June 15, has been cooperating with other observatories and located
the source of the wave some 130 million light years away, according to a
news release from the Institute of High Energy Physics, a unit of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
据中国科学院高能物理研究所发布消息，中国第一颗硬X射线调制望远镜“慧眼”于6月
15日送入轨道，与其他天文台联合，定位到了距离地球1.3亿光年之外的引力波源。
▲慧眼望远镜示意图
Detectors from the US and Europe also found the collision had produced a
short gamma ray burst — extremely energetic explosions often regarded as
the brightest electromagnetic event in the universe.
美国与欧洲的探测器均探测到这次碰撞所产生的短伽马暴。伽马暴是宇宙中极为剧烈的
爆炸，通常被认为是宇宙中发生的最明亮的电磁事件。
This is the first time scientist has discovered gravitational waves and a
gamma ray burst from the same event — important because scientist might be
able to directly see the event thanks to visible light.
此次发现是科学家首次从同一宇宙事件中发现引力波和伽马暴——科学家能在可见光下
直接观测到引力波，具有十分重要的意义。
"Finding a cosmic event that can produce both gravitational and
electromagnetic waves has been an aspiration of scientists," the news
release said. "Studying such an event will have an irreplaceable, decisive
significancein understanding the universe and fundamental physics."
“本次探测到引力波以及电磁对应体是天文学家期待已久的重大发现，”消息称。“这
对研究宇宙学以及基础物理具有不可替代的决定性作用。”
▲双中子星并合过程既能产生引力波，又能产生电磁波（图片来自网络）
To better understand the aftermath of a cosmic collision, the institute
plans to build a telescope specifically for detecting gamma ray bursts from
events capable of creating gravitational waves.
为了更好地了解宇宙碰撞的后续情况，研究所计划设立一台望远镜，专门用于探测引力
波事件的伽马暴。
The project is called Shan Dian, meaning lightning, and, after approval,
will be put into orbit by 2020. "It will make China a world leader in
studying the electromagnetic aftermath of these cosmic crashes," the release
said.
该项目名为“闪电”，获批后将于2020年送入轨道运行。新闻中提到：“届时将使我国
在引力波闪的探测研究上达到国际领先水平。”
In the neutron crash, Huiyan defined the energy range of the gamma ray burst
at between 0.2 million to 5 million electron volts. This energy level is "
surprisingly weak" relative to the extreme properties that neutron stars
have, the news release said.
在此次中子星碰撞中，“慧眼”在0.2-5 MeV能区对伽马射线暴的探测能力最强。这一
能级就中子星强大的属性而言出人意料地微弱。
Neutron stars are the superdense cores of massive stars that went supernova
and died. They have a mass about 1.5 times that of the sun packed into a
sphere around 20 kilometers in diameter.
中子星是大质量恒星演变成超新星并且消亡后留下的超密度内核，相当于把1.5倍质量
的太阳压缩成直径20千米左右的球体。
They are so dense that a single teaspoon of neutron star would weigh a
billion metric tons. They also have extremely strong electromagnetic fields
and some are capable of firing radiation at nearly the speed of light —
such stars are called pulsars.
它们的密度大到只有一个汤匙那么大的中子星就能重达十亿公吨，其电磁场也极为强大
，有的甚至能以接近光速的速度放出射线，这种星体被称为脉冲星。
In February 2016, the observatory announced it had confirmed the first-ever
direct observation of Albert Einstein's gravitational waves — 100 years
after the genius predicted them.
2016年2月，LIGO天文台证实首次直接监测到爱因斯坦提出的引力波，这位天才在100年
前就预测到了引力波的存在。
The first discovered gravitational wave was caused by the collision of two
black holes, which are much denser than neutron stars. Since a black hole's
gravity is so strong that not even light can escape, scientists could only
illustrate and describe what happened, rather than seeing it directly.
人类首次发现的引力波源自两个黑洞的碰撞，黑洞的密度比中子星还大。黑洞的引力超
强，连光都无法逃脱，因此科研人员只能对所发生的现象进行阐释和描述，并不能直接
看到。
Three US physicists — Rainer Weiss, Barry Barish and Kip Thorne — were
awarded the Nobel Prize in physics this year for the discovery of
gravitational waves.
今年，雷纳·维斯、巴里·巴里什和基普·索恩因发现引力波获得了诺贝尔物理奖。
▲巴里·巴里什（左）、基普·索恩（中）、雷纳·维斯（右）
Glossary:
satellite 卫星
energy level 能级
gravitational wave 引力波
space-time 时空
observatory 天文台；气象台
neutron star 中子星
massive star 大质量恒星
put into orbit 进入轨道
light year 光年
High Energy Physics 高能物理学
fundamental physics 基础物理学
detector 探测器
gamma ray burst 伽马暴
electromagnetic 电磁的
electromagnetic field 电磁场
visible light 可见光
electron volt 电子伏特
energy range 能区
supernova 超新星
pulsar 脉冲星
gravity 重力，地心引力 |
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