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发帖数: 22064 | 1 On August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced on TV 3 dramatic changes in
economic policy. He imposed a wage-price freeze. He ended the Bretton Woods
international monetary system. And he imposed a temporary surcharge (tariff)
on all imports. The Bretton Woods system was created towards the end of
World War II and involved fixed exchange rates with the U.S. dollar as the
key currency - but also a role for gold linked to the dollar at $35/ounce.
The system began to falter in the 1960s because of an excess of dollars
flowing out of the U.S. which foreign central banks had to absorb. A run on
gold in 1968 was stemmed by a patch on Bretton Woods known as the two-tier
gold system. All of this was ended unilaterally by the Nixon decision. After
a brief attempt to create a modified fixed exchange rate system, the world
moved to flexible rates. |
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