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发帖数: 6973 | 1 John Gapper, Bye-bye, American shipping lines. Financial Times, Feb 24, 2011.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/024650d6
-3f92-11e0-a1ba-00144feabdc0.html
("There are few such clear examples of an entire industry being blighted by
trade protectionism as the US merchant marine fleet. The 1920 Jones Act,
intended to protect US ships and shipping from international competition (or
war) has effectively wiped them off the high seas")
My comment:
(a) The report talks about "US, the country that not only invented the
container shipping line industry in 1956.
containerization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerization
(In 1955, businessman (and former trucking company owner) Malcom McLean
worked with engineer Keith Tantlinger to develop the modern intermodal
container. The challenge was to design a shipping container and devise a
method of loading and locking them onto ships. The result was a 8 feet (2.4
m) tall by 8 ft (2.4 m) wide box in 10 ft (3.0 m) long units constructed
from 25 mm (0.98 in) thick corrugated steel)
(b) Matson Navigation Company
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matson_Navigation_Company
(a subsidiary of Alexander & Baldwin, is a private shipping company; section
1 History)
(c) Horizon Lines
http://www.horizonlines.com/
(d) Mediterranean Shipping Company
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Shipping_Company
(currently the world largest shipping line in terms of container vessel
capacity. It overtook Maersk Line on 15.02.2011; founded in 1970 as a
private company by Gianluigi Aponte when he bought his first ship, Patricia;
Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland)
(e) CMA CGM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMA_CGM
(the third largest container company in the world; Headquarters Marseille,
France; section 1 History)
(f) break bulk cargo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_bulk_cargo
(In shipping, break bulk cargo or general cargo is a term that covers a
great variety of goods that must be loaded individually, and not in
intermodal containers nor in bulk as with oil or grain)
(g) SS Ideal X
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Ideal_X
(h)
* Neptune Orient Lines, or NOL for short, is Singapore-based and a
subsidiary of Temasek Holdings. en.wikipedia.org.
* History and Milestones. Neptune Orient Lines, undated.
http://www.nol.com.sg/about/history.html
Quote:
"The company Neptune Orient Lines began life in 1968 as Singapore’s
national shipping line, wholly owned by the Singapore Government
"A key event in the life of our company was a 1997 merger * * * This
combined the strengths of Singapore based NOL Group with APL (formerly
American President Lines), a company with roots back to the early days of
the United States’ rise as a global industrial power.
"American entrepreneur William Henry Aspinall [in 1848] had the good fortune
to found the Pacific Mail Steamship Company (later to become American
President Lines) to work the Oregon to Panama mail run with his first vessel
the S.S. California just in time to catch an explosion of demand following
the discovery of gold in California.
(i) The article mentions "Alphaliner’s table of container lines."
Alphaliner - TOP 100; Operated fleets as per 02 March 2011.
http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/index.php
(Evergreen 長榮海運, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp. 陽明海運 and Wan Hai
Lines, all of Taiwan are ranked 4, 16 and 21, respectively, of the world--in
terms of TEU of container ships and thus excluding bulk carriers and oil
tankers)
In 1965, 林柏壽 fborn at Amoy/Xiamen in 1885 but raised in County of Taipei)
founded Wan Hai Lines Ltd 萬海航運股份有限公司
http://web.wanhai.com
, purchase of a "Liberty" type vessel carrying steel between Japan and
America
Rankings of liners in various categories (container , bulk and oil) may also
be found in
* American Shipper
http://www.americanshipper.com
* IHS Global Insight
http://www.ihsglobalinsight.com/
(data at World Trade Service)
List of ship companies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shipping_companies
(j) UN 2007 ranking for all categories combined:
Merchant vessel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_vessel
, whose reference 1 is
Review of Maritime Transport 2007, New York and Geneva: United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2007
http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2007_en.pdf
Taiwan is mentioned in
* Table 7 (page 16, a major coal importer),
* Table 16 (headlined The 35 countries and territories with the largest
controlled fleets, as of 1 January 2007; page 32),
* Table 18 (headlined The 35 flags of registration with the largest
registered deadweight tonnage as of 1 January 2007; page 36)
* "The flag of the world’s largest registry, Panama, is predominantly used
by vessel owners of Japan, Greece, China, Taiwan Province of China and
Switzerland." (page 37)
* Table 19 (headlined True nationality of major open-registry fleets, as of
1 January 2007; page 38 |
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