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发帖数: 1709 | 1 Black and the White 2 1⁄2- to 6-year-old children in the U.S.
standardization
sample of the Differential Aptitude Scale have a 1 standard deviation mean
difference (Lynn, 1996). The size of the average Black–White difference
does not
change significantly over the developmental period from 3 years of age and
beyond (see Jensen, 1974, 1998b)." (Rushton & Jensen, 2005, pp. 240-241.)
Farkas & Beron (2004) reported that blacks score 17.2 points below whites on
the
PPVT in this dataset at age 36 months (p. 478). More recently, Bond & Lang
(2012) reported a slightly smaller, 14.6 point gap for 3-year-olds in this
dataset (p. 13).
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/testing_for_racial_differences
_in_
the_mental_ability_of_young_children.pdf
Race differences in intelligence: An evolutionary analysis.
Lynn, Richard (2006)
ABSTRACT
It is widely accepted that race differences in intelligence exist, but no
consensus has emerged on whether these have any genetic basis. The present
book
is the first fully comprehensive review that has ever been made of the
evidence
on race differences in intelligence worldwide. It reviews these for ten
races
rather than the three major races (Africans, Caucasians, and East Asians)
analyzed by Rushton (2000). The races analyzed here are the Europeans, sub-
Saharan Africans, Bushmen, South Asians and North Africans, Southeast Asians,
Australian Aborigines, Pacific Islanders, East Asians, Arctic Peoples, and
Native American Indians. (PsycINFO Database Record, 2016 APA)
https://archive.org/stream/RichardLynnRaceDifferencesInIntelligence/Richard
%20LynnRace%20Differences%20In%20Intelligence_djvu.txt
THIRTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON RACE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITY
https://www1.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/30years/Rushton-Jensen30years.pdf
Whole Brain Size and General Mental Ability: A Review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668913
Rushton, J. P. (1992). Cranial capacity related to sex, rank, and race in a
stratified random sample of 6,325 U.S. military personnel. Intelligence, 16,
401-413.
http://philipperushton.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/iq-brain-size-rushton-
intelligence-1992.pdf
Brain size and cognitive ability: Correlations with age, sex, social class,
and
race
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03210739.pdf
RACE, EVOLUTION,AND BEHAVIOR: A Life History Perspective
http://www.europeanamericansunited.org/school1/Eugenics/Rushton/Race_Evolution_B
ehavior.pdf
ETHNIC GROUP DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITY IN EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATIONAL
SETTINGS: A META-ANALYSIS
https://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/645/articles/roth%20et%20al%20ethnic%20grp%
20diff
%20in%20cog%20abil%20ppsych%202001.pdf
Performance on Raven's Matrices by African and White University Students in
South Africa
Lynn (1997) reviewed five additional studies of African IQ scores published
between 1985 and 1996. Mean IQs were in the range of 60-74. One study by the
World Bank reported the results from a random sample of 1,639 adolescents in
Ghana drawn from the entire country (Glewwe & Jacoby, 1992). Their mean age
was
15.2 and their mean score on the CPM (the simpler version of the SPM) was 12
.5,
equivalent in British samples to an IQ of 60. African-White differences are
also
found on simple reaction time (RT) measures. In one of these (the "odd-man-
out"
test), 9- to 12-year-old children are asked to decide which of several
lights
stands out from the others, and then press the button that corresponds to
that
light. The test is so easy that all children can perform it in less than 1
sec.
But even on this very simple test, children with higher IQ scores perform
faster
than do children with lower IQ scores. Lynn (1991) found that Black children
from South Africa average slower RTs than do White children from Britain and
Ireland. Earlier, Poortinga (1971) had also shown African-White differences
in
South Africa on four- and eight-choice RT tasks for both auditory and visual
stimuli. The magnitude of the mean African-White differences on these RT
measures ranged from 1.26 to 1.53 SD (see Jensen, 1998, p. 392, for
discussion
of this study).
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.503.9118&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Variability in Frontotemporal Brain Structure: The Importance of Recruitment
of
African Americans in Neuroscience Research
October 26, 2010
This study was a secondary data analysis examining volumetric MRI data
gathered
from healthy control subjects participating in a study of bipolar disorder.
This
dataset enabled us to compare volumes of temporal regions (amygdala and
hippocampus), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the caudate nucleus, the
lateral
ventricles, and total cerebral volume between Caucasian and African-American
participants.
Our primary finding is that when compared to Caucasians, an African-American
cohort exhibited smaller cerebral volumes but larger absolute left OFC
volumes.
Additionally, the OFC and amygdala appear to occupy a significantly greater
proportion of the total cerebral volume in the African-American cohort. Our
findings are generally concordant with recent work that brain structure may
vary
significantly across populations of different racial or ethnic backgrounds.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2964318/ |
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