M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 1 Part Two: The Political Life of FC Barcelona
2 巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的政治品相
The second part of four in the serialisation of my dissertation ‘To what
extent can Real Madrid CF and FC Barcelona be considered to have been
political institutions in Spain during the twentieth century?’, this
instalment looks in detail at the political life of FC Barcelona and just
how rooted in the mechanics of state (and region) the club can be said to
have been.
我这一系列四部分论文“在20世纪，皇马和巴萨在何种程度上可被看作是政治机构而存
在于西班牙？”，其中第二部分将探究巴萨的政治品相，以及这家俱乐部如何被认为是植
根于国家（和地区）机器中的。
2-1 FC Barcelona and General Primo de Rivera
To begin the first part of the main political analysis of this thesis I will
look at FC Barcelona’s links to Catalan nationalism, the salient points of
which I have explained in the previous chapters, and discuss the extent to
which the actions of the club during the regimes of General Miguel Primo de
Rivera and General Franco can be equated to those of what we might hold to
be more traditional political institutions.
2-1 巴萨和普里默·德·里维拉将军
作为本论文政治分析主体的第一部分之始，我将探索巴萨与加泰罗尼亚民族主义的关系
，我在前面的章节中阐述过这一关系的折点，并将讨论在米格尔·普里默·德·里维拉
将军和弗朗哥将军执政期间，巴萨的活动在何种程度上等同于那些我们认为是传统政治
机构的活动。 | H**********r
发帖数: 409 | | p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 3 楼主，普利斯够昂
【在 M****o 的大作中提到】
: Part Two: The Political Life of FC Barcelona
: 2 巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的政治品相
: The second part of four in the serialisation of my dissertation ‘To what
: extent can Real Madrid CF and FC Barcelona be considered to have been
: political institutions in Spain during the twentieth century?’, this
: instalment looks in detail at the political life of FC Barcelona and just
: how rooted in the mechanics of state (and region) the club can be said to
: have been.
: 我这一系列四部分论文“在20世纪，皇马和巴萨在何种程度上可被看作是政治机构而存
: 在于西班牙？”，其中第二部分将探究巴萨的政治品相，以及这家俱乐部如何被认为是植
| p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 4 另，如果你自己能发帖了，就自己过去贴了，我就不代劳了
【在 p****s 的大作中提到】
: 楼主，普利斯够昂
| M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 5 On 13th September 1923 Primo de Rivera had overthrown the constitutional
government with a military coup d’état and been given legitimacy by
Alfonso XIII shortly afterward (Payne: 1999, p.24). Despite his leadership
style being initially popular amongst certain sections of Spanish society,
Primo de Rivera appeared to drift further towards a form of Fascism
relatively quickly after taking office. Indeed, the dictator was on record
as having said “Fascism is a universal phenomenon that ought to conquer all
nations” (Payne: 1999, p.28).
13世纪的1923年9月，普里默·德·里维拉发动军事政变推翻了宪政，稍后国王阿方
索十三世承认其合法性 （Payne: 1999, p.24）。尽管普里默·德·里维拉的统治最初只
局限于西班牙社会的局部，他在当政之后不久就将法西斯政权迅速拓展。事实上，这位
独裁者曾经说过“法西斯是一种普遍现象，理应征服全世界”（Payne: 1999, p.28）。
This move towards the right of the political spectrum saw an increasing
insistence on Madrid-based centralism from the regime (Burns: 1999, p.86-87)
, political Catalanism being condemned and restricted in its various socio-
political expressions. With Primo de Rivera refusing Catalonia the increased
autonomy it was demanding – allegedly due to pressures exerted by a number
of other significant military figures in the coup (Rial: 1986, p.94) –
opposition to the regime in the regions seeking autonomy began to gather
pace.
从日益增长的对以马德里为基础的中央集权的坚持就可以看出，这一政权政治上右倾
（Burns: 1999, p.86-87），加泰罗尼亚民族主义者被控有罪，其多种社会政治诉求被
限制。随着普里默·德·里维拉对加泰罗尼亚人要求扩充自治权的拒绝，一种反对这一
政权的诉求在多个寻求自治的地区开始出现--据称这是出于此次政变中另外几位军事要
人的施压 （Rial: 1986, p.94）。 | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 6 yeah,我先翻完，贴在这里，整理一哈贴过去。。。
【在 p****s 的大作中提到】
: 另，如果你自己能发帖了，就自己过去贴了，我就不代劳了
| M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 7 The first linkages made between FC Barcelona and political action came in
June 1925 during a benefit match at the club’s Les Corts ground (Ball: 2003
, p.92-93). With Primo de Rivera having outlawed both regional government
and use of the Catalan language in the preceding months, the game was seen
as a political opportunity for the people of Barcelona, Francesc Cambo and
Joaquin Ventosa Calvell – two high-profile Catalan politicians – both
being in attendance (Burns: 1999, p.86-87).
第一次将巴萨俱乐部与政治活动联系在一起的是1925年6月在俱乐部的Les Corts球场举
行的一场义赛 （Ball: 2003, p.92-93）。由于在此前的几个月里，普里默.德.里维拉
已经宣布当地政府以及使用加泰罗尼亚语为非法，因此这场比赛被看作是巴塞罗那人的
政治机会——因为两位高调的加泰罗尼亚政治家弗兰塞斯克.坎波和霍金.文托萨.卡尔
维尔——出席了比赛。
At half-time a band of Royal Marines struck up the Spanish national anthem
but were drowned out by a hostile reaction from the crowd, a clear sign of
disrespect that was met with a military edict from the authorities fining
the club and suspending its operations for six months (Burns: 1999, p.86-87)
. It may have only been a relatively minor act of dissent, but this was the
first clear public alignment those associated with FC Barcelona had made
with the cause of Catalan nationalism.
中场时，英国皇家海军陆战队乐队奏响了西班牙国歌，然而却被巴塞罗那球迷不友好的
嘘声所淹没。这一不敬行为遭到了军政方的处罚，俱乐部主场被勒令停赛6个月（Burns
萨俱乐部有关的活动已然引发了加泰罗尼亚民族主义。 | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 8 While this action is probably too rudimentary and spontaneous to be
considered to be anything approaching the policy-shaping behaviour of a
political institution, such protests could be said to reflect the elements
of the research of Jennifer Gandhi. As she explains in Political
Institutions under Dictatorship, rules and norms do not exist for how
dictatorships ‘should’ operate, and so authoritarian regimes exhibit a
plethora of institutional arrangements (2008, p.38).
尽管这一活动是如此原始而自发，甚至都不能被看作是政治机构的带有任何政治意味的
行为，但在詹妮弗.甘地的研究中，这样的抗议却反映了某些要素。正如她在《独裁下
的政治体制》中所阐述的，制度和规范在独裁“应当”如何操作中并不存在，因此专制
政权总是泛滥于政治体制中（2008， p.38）。
Gandhi propounds her point, going on to describe how dictatorships vary in
their responses to discontent and how that discontent fits into the wider
institutional structure. Observers of such action are divided as to the
importance of these ‘ruptures’ and mass mobilisations in sabotaging and
ultimately ending non-democratic regimes (Gandhi: 2008, p.75). While Gandhi
herself emphasises these type of protests as important to the challenging of
dictatorships, others such as Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe Schmitter and
Laurence Whitehead (1986, p.19) see them as an irrelevance to the
institutional structure, believing that the spark for democratisation must
come from within the authoritarian regime itself.
提出她的观点后，甘地接着描述了独裁政权是如何对不满情绪作出不同反应的，而这些
不满情绪又是如何适应更广层面的体制结构的。依据这类行为的相对重要性，它们被划
分为“谈判破裂”，大规模罢工动员，以及最终形成非民主政权 （Gandhi: 2008, p.
75）。尽管甘地本人强调这类抗议足以挑战独裁统治， 其他研究者诸如吉列尔默.奥唐
奈， 菲利普.施米奈，以及劳伦斯. 怀特黑德 (1986, p.19）则认为这类活动与体制结
构无关，并相信民主化的火花必须从极权政权内部产生。 | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 9 However, it is not in relation to the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, but
to the emerging Catalan politics of the time that FC Barcelona can arguably
be said to have held the most institutional significance. The prologue to
the official history of the club claims that “throughout the most difficult
times [FC Barcelona] was the standard that represented Catalonia and the
Catalan people’s desire for freedom” (FC Barcelona: 2011). These political
linkages, as I hope to demonstrate, seemed to grow increasingly formalised
and official during the regime of Primo de Rivera.
然而，照理说巴萨作为一个有显著特征的政治机构，这并不是在与普里默.德.里维拉独
裁政权的关联中体现的，而是在与当时逐渐浮现的加泰罗尼亚政治运动的联系中体现的
。俱乐部官方历史的序篇中这样宣称，“在最困难的时代，（巴萨）是代表加泰罗尼亚
和加泰罗尼亚人民的自由意愿的典范”（巴塞罗那足球俱乐部：2011）。我所展示的这
些与政治的联系，看起来在普里默.德.里维拉政权下逐渐正式化和官方化。
in 1928, with the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera entering its twilight (
Payne: 1999, p.35), a Catalan by the name of Josep Sunyol joined the FC
Barcelona board and also became the president of the Federation of
Associated Catalan Football Clubs (Burns: 1999, p.96). The founder of the
newspaper La Rambla (Burns: 1999, p.96) and a political figure who saw a
position on the club’s board as a means to enhance his public career (Ball:
2001, p.99), Sunyol was arguably the key figure in synthesising sport and
politics in Catalan civic life.
1928年，随着普里默.德.里维拉政权进入暮年（Payne: 1999, p.35）， 一位名为何塞
普.桑约尔的加泰罗尼亚人加入了巴萨董事会，并成为加泰罗尼亚足球俱乐部协会联盟
主席（Burns: 1999, p.96）。作为拉姆布拉新闻报的创建者（Burns: 1999, p.96）和
一位政治人物，桑约尔视俱乐部董事会的职位为一种增强其政治声誉的手段，因此可以
说是他将体育和政治融合进加泰罗尼亚的市民生活中了。 | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 10 La Rambla continually linked the political situation with the fortunes of FC
Barcelona, appealing – according to Jimmy Burns (1999, p.98) – to a new
social order where “football and politics, far from being in fatal
contradiction to each other, formed an essential part of a truly democratic
society”. Burns’ claim is a sizeable one, but if correct it would appear
to bring Catalan sport (something clearly dominated by FC Barcelona) more in
line with conventional definitions and expectations of political
institutions.
据吉米.彭斯（1999, p.98），拉姆布拉新闻报不断将政治局势与巴萨前途联系起来，
恳求一种新的社会秩序，其间“足球和政治绝不是彼此矛盾的，它们构成真正的民主社
会的必要部分”。彭斯的这一主张相当可观，但如果这是正确的，那么它将使得加泰罗
尼亚体育（这很明显是由巴萨俱乐部主导的）更加符合政治体制的传统定义和期望。 | | | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 11 2-1翻译完了。
xq你可以review下。
我会在全部完成之后详细校对一下。 | p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 12 多谢，有空就看
【在 M****o 的大作中提到】
: 2-1翻译完了。
: xq你可以review下。
: 我会在全部完成之后详细校对一下。
| R******d
发帖数: 976 | 13 恍若回到了当年gre阅读
FC
democratic
in
【在 M****o 的大作中提到】
: La Rambla continually linked the political situation with the fortunes of FC
: Barcelona, appealing – according to Jimmy Burns (1999, p.98) – to a new
: social order where “football and politics, far from being in fatal
: contradiction to each other, formed an essential part of a truly democratic
: society”. Burns’ claim is a sizeable one, but if correct it would appear
: to bring Catalan sport (something clearly dominated by FC Barcelona) more in
: line with conventional definitions and expectations of political
: institutions.
: 据吉米.彭斯（1999, p.98），拉姆布拉新闻报不断将政治局势与巴萨前途联系起来，
: 恳求一种新的社会秩序，其间“足球和政治绝不是彼此矛盾的，它们构成真正的民主社
| p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 14 马上要出门看球，我看了一遍没啥大问题。
这一段:
With Primo de Rivera refusing Catalonia the increased autonomy it was
demanding – allegedly due to pressures exerted by a number of other
significant military figures in the coup (Rial: 1986, p.94) –
opposition to the regime in the regions seeking autonomy began to gather
pace.
随着普里默·德·里维拉对加泰罗尼亚人要求扩充自治权的拒绝，一种反对这一
政权的诉求在多个寻求自治的地区开始出现--据称这是出于此次政变中另外几位军事要
人的施压 （Rial: 1986, p.94）。
能不能拆成短句，前后太绕了，"began to gather pace"，可以说成反对势力的声音开
始抬头instead of "开始出现" | M****o
发帖数: 7045 | 15 额。。。迪生已经帮安改过料。。。。这一段的确比较绕。。。
迪生难道24小时在线？
【在 p****s 的大作中提到】
: 马上要出门看球，我看了一遍没啥大问题。
: 这一段:
: With Primo de Rivera refusing Catalonia the increased autonomy it was
: demanding – allegedly due to pressures exerted by a number of other
: significant military figures in the coup (Rial: 1986, p.94) –
: opposition to the regime in the regions seeking autonomy began to gather
: pace.
: 随着普里默·德·里维拉对加泰罗尼亚人要求扩充自治权的拒绝，一种反对这一
: 政权的诉求在多个寻求自治的地区开始出现--据称这是出于此次政变中另外几位军事要
: 人的施压 （Rial: 1986, p.94）。
| p****s
发帖数: 32405 | 16 因为今天有球看
你们搞，我要出门去跟拉影球迷鬼混了
【在 M****o 的大作中提到】
: 额。。。迪生已经帮安改过料。。。。这一段的确比较绕。。。
: 迪生难道24小时在线？
|
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