c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 1 Andrew E Kramer, Aloft, a Russian Image Problem. New York Times, Aug 30,
2011.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/business/global
/russia-hits-headwinds-in-selling-airliners-to-the-west.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=
superjet&st=cse
Note:
(a) Aeroflot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot
(Aeroflot, English translation: "air fleet"; the flag carrier and largest
airline of the Russian Federation; Founded 1923; Headquarters Moscow; The
airline is owned (as of March 2007) by the Russian Government)
(b) The adjective "grim" in "grim upholstery": "ghastly, repellent, or
sinister in character "
www.m-w.com
(c) The report mentions Sukhoi Superjet's "high-bypass engines, a novelty
for Russian passenger planes."
Joe Yoon, Jet Engine Types. SpaceWeb.org, July 1, 2001 (No. q0033).
http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/propulsion/q0033.shtml
(i) For some time, I could not understand how the engines of an airplane
works. Now I have a vague idea.
(ii) duct (n; New Latin ductus, from Medieval Latin, aqueduct, from Latin,
act of leading, from ducere to lead): "a pipe, tube, or channel that conveys
a substance"
(iii) Pay attention to this paragraph:
"Turbofans are typically broken into one of two categories--low-bypass ratio
and high-bypass ratio--as illustrated above. The bypass ratio refers to the
ratio of incoming air that passes through the fan ducts compared to the
incoming air passing through the jet core. In a low-bypass turbofan, only a
small amount of air passes through the fan ducts and the fan is of very
small diameter. The fan in a high-bypass turbofan is much larger to force a
large volume of air through the ducts. The low-bypass turbofan is more
compact, but the high-bypass turbofan can produce much greater thrust, is
more fuel efficient, and is much quieter."
Look at the graphic: (A) In low-bypass turbofan, the fan has a small
diameter and the fan duct is narrow (wrapping around the jet core) BUT long
(from the front to the end of the engine). (B) The opposite for high-bypass
turbofan.
(iv) turbofan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofan
Low-bypass turbofan predated high-bypass turbofan.
Mose important, pay attention to the animation in section 5 "High-bypass
turbofan" to see how air flow in the fan duct and thus bypass jet core.
(v) Chapter Seven: Aerospace Recession, in TA Heppenheimer, The Space
Shuttle Decision. NASA History Series, 1999 (NASA SP-4221)
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch7.htm
Quote (heading and two consecutive paragraphs):
"The Boeing 747
"The background to the 747, and the source of most of its troubles, lay in
its engines. These were of a new type, known as the high-bypass turbofan. In
contrast to earlier jet engines, which had the long and slender shape of a
cigar, they introduced an enormous and gaping mouth, with a very large
rotating fan in the front. This arrangement produced high thrust with
relatively low noise with excellent fuel economy. The term "high-bypass"
reflected the fact that most of the air blown by the fan would bypass the
engine core, allowing the fan to act as a high-speed propeller. 4
"During the mid-1960s, the Air Force held a burgeoning interest in such
engines, which were to power transport aircraft of unprecedented size. These
would support the policy of Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, whereby the
U.S. was to build up its airlift and sealift capacity to be ready to carry
troops and equipment wherever America might choose to intervene. In August
1965, the Air Force picked a high-bypass design from General Electric, the
TF-39, and marked it for development. Mounting a fan with diameter of eight
feet, this engine was to produce 40,000 pounds of thrust
Take a look at the graphic that follows: high-bypass engine with big fan and
short air duct. Also now we know Boeing developed high-bypass engine before
US Airforce adopted it.
(d) The NYT report says, "Rather than emphasize the plane’s Siberian
origins, with whatever associations with hardship or disaster that may evoke
, Sukhoi has marketed it by pointing to its French and Italian partners,
which worked in joint ventures to design the engines and provide the
avionics."
(i) Sukhoi Superjet 100
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Superjet_100
(The final assembly of the plane is done by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft
Production Association, its SaM-146 engines are designed and produced by the
French-Russian PowerJet joint-venture)
(ii) Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomolsk-on-Amur_Aircraft_Produc
(acronym: KnAAPO [apparently from Russian]; based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur; the
largest aircraft-manufacturing company in Russia; Shareholders of KnAAPO (
JSC): United Aircraft Corporation (25.5% of the shares), “Sukhoi Company“
JSC (74.5% of the shares))
(iii) Komsomolsk-on-Amur
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomolsk-on-Amur
(situated on the left bank of Amur River)
Amur River (黑龙江 in Chinese) joins Ussuri River at Khabarovsk 哈巴罗夫斯克
, ceases to define the Russia-China border, and flows northeast (keeping the
same name: Amur River).
(e) bleed air
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleed_air
(f) The report comments "Sukhoi’s parent company, United Aircraft
Corporation * * * Tupolevs are made by another division of United Aircraft
Corporation."
United Aircraft Corporation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation
(With a majority stake belonging to the Russian Government, it consolidates
Russian private and state-owned aircraft construction companies and assets
engaged in the manufacture, design and sale of military, civilian, transport
, and unmanned aircraft./Fonded 2006; Headquarters Moscow)
(g) The report quotes Ms Olga Kayukova, a spokeswoman for Sukhoi’s parent
company, United Aircraft Corporation, as saying: Russia would surely be able
to compete with China on quality because China is not a traditional
aerospace power. | c**i
发帖数: 6973 | 2 ------------------------------Separately
(1) GE and China: Growing Market Overseas, More Jobs at Home. General
Elctric, Aug 25, 2011
http://www.gereports.com/ge-and-china-growing-market-overseas
-more-jobs-at-home/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm
_term=china%20aircraft&utm_campaign=GE%20Aviation%20Response&kmed=ppc
("GE started doing business in China in 1906")
Note:
(a) The announcement stated, "With $17 billion in U.S. exports in 2010, GE
is the nation’s second largest manufacturing exporter." Which is the
largest?
Dan Reed, Boeing Says It's Flying High Despite Recession. USA Today, March
27, 2009
http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/2009-03-
("But top executives at Boeing, the USA's largest exporter by value of goods
sold abroad, remain publicly confident")
(b) This announcement provided a link to and answered
Howard Schneider, GE ‘All in’ on Aviation Deal with China. Washington Post
, Aug 22, 2011
http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/ge-all-in-on-avi
("GE’s joint venture with AVIC will employ about 300 engineers, software
designers and others in the United States. If all goes as planned, it could
boost GE’s fortunes in the avionics field, where it now ranks fourth behind
market leaders such as Honeywell. The number of jobs to be created in China
would be much higher.")
(2) Katie Cantle, COMAC Chairman Resigns to Take Hebei Governorship. ATW
Online (where ATW stands for Air Transport World), Aug 30, 2011.
(3) Ghim-Lay Yeo, ARJ21 First Delivery Likely Delayed. Flightglobal, Aug 19,
2011
http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/08/19
/361017/arj21-first-delivery-likely-delayed.html
Note: Quintella Koh, China's ARJ21 Falls Behind on Flight Test Schedule.
Flightglobal, Aug 24, 2011
http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/08/24
/361199/chinas-arj21-falls-behind-on-flight-test-schedule.html
("Stalling speed tests have not begun yet either, said a source close to the
programme, who spoke on condition of anonymity")
There is no need to read the Aug 24 report, for much duplication.
(4) Leithen Francis, MRJ On Track For First Flight In 2012. Aviation Week,
Aug
http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?
channel=comm&id=news/avd/2011/08/26/09.xml&headline=
MRJ%20On%20Track%20For%20First%20Flight%20In%202012
("Mitsubishi Aircraft’s first MRJ is the 90-seat MRJ90, although the
airframer is also offering a 70-80-seat MRJ70 and is considering a 100-seat
variant")
Note:
(a) Iwasa is Japanese surname 岩佐.
(b) Regarding the "100-seat variant," see
Gregory Polek, Mitsubishi to Delay Launch of MRJ100X Beyond mid-2012
http://www.ainonline.com/news/single-news-page/article/mitsubis
("Mitsubishi Aircraft’s official launch of the proposed 100-seat MRJ100X
will likely have to wait at least another year * * * as the company waits
for the European airline market to show more tangible signs of recovery.
Speaking from his office in Tokyo with AIN last month, Mitsubishi Aircraft
head of sales and marketing Hank Iwasa referred to the deliberations as “
tough,” given the level of investment required to develop a third variant
and the still 'rather slow' European economy. Europe stands as perhaps the
most strategically important market for the 100X, said Iwasa, given the size
of the regional airline sector there and its loose scope-clause
restrictions compared with those in North America")
AINonline (acronym for Aviation International News) interviewed the samer
executive "last month"--which I took to mean July, presumably earlier than
the Aviation Week. So there is no conflict between the two reports. | c******k
发帖数: 8998 | 3 somebody wants to see you in the court (food).
【在 c**i 的大作中提到】
: Andrew E Kramer, Aloft, a Russian Image Problem. New York Times, Aug 30,
: 2011.
: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/business/global
: /russia-hits-headwinds-in-selling-airliners-to-the-west.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=
: superjet&st=cse
: Note:
: (a) Aeroflot
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot
: (Aeroflot, English translation: "air fleet"; the flag carrier and largest
: airline of the Russian Federation; Founded 1923; Headquarters Moscow; The
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